\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Executive Summary}{3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}The Valence Quark Structure of the Nucleon}{4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}Quark Flavor and Spin Decomposition in the Nucleon}{4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}Color Electric and Magnetic Polarizabilities}{7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.3}Other semi-inclusive experiments}{8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Exclusive reactions}{10}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Hadrons in the Nuclear Medium}{14}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Search for New Physics in the Electroweak Sector}{16}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Physics Program}{21}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Inclusive Structure}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Valence Quark Structure of the Nucleon}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Theoretical Predictions for Large-$x_{Bj}$ Distributions}{23}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}Neutron to Proton Structure Function Ratio, $F_2^n/F_2^p$}{25}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.4}Proton Spin Structure: $A_1^p$ at Large $x_{Bj}$}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.5}Neutron Spin Structure, $A_1^n$}{30}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.6}Duality in Spin Structure Functions}{31}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Measurement of neutron (polarized $^3$He) spin structure functions in the resonance region}{32}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Measurement of proton spin structure functions in the resonance region}{33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Testing spin and flavor dependence of duality and its applications}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.7}Higher Twists and the $g^n_2$ Structure Function}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.8}High Energy Behavior of $g_1$}{35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Semi-inclusive processes}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Introduction}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Experimental demonstration of factorization}{48}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Probing the light quark sea flavor asymmetry with semi-inclusive charged pion production}{50}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}Probing the quark flavor structure of the nucleon spin distribution from $\mathaccent "017E\relax {N}(\mathaccent "017E\relax {e},e^{\prime } \pi ^\pm )$ process}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.5}The pion structure function}{53}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.6}Transversity measurements}{55}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Exclusive Reactions}{68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}$G_{Ep}/G_{Mp}$ at high $Q^{2}$}{70}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Measurement of $G_E^n$ at high $Q^2$}{72}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}Real Compton Scattering}{73}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.4}Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering}{77}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.5}Polarizabilities at High $Q^2$}{79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.6}Virtual Compton Scattering at Large $t$}{85}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.7}Nucleon Photopion Production at 11 GeV in Hall A}{85}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.8}Polarization in Meson Photoproduction with MAD}{87}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.9}Deuteron Photodisintegration}{89}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Hadrons in the Nuclear Medium}{98}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Studying Short-Range Correlations via A(e,e')X at $x_{B} > 1$}{99}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Color Transparency in Few Body (e,e'p) Reactions}{104}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Recoil Polarization in $(e,e^{\prime }p)$ Reactions at Large $Q^2$.}{105}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.4}Pion Photoproduction in the Nuclear Medium}{108}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.5}Nuclear Effects in Hadronization by Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering}{113}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.6}Few-Body Form Factors}{116}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Charm Production near Threshold}{120}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.1}General motivations}{120}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.2}Experimental program}{123}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.6}Search for New Physics Using Parity Violation}{126}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.1}Formalism for DIS}{127}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.2}Counting Rates and Expected Uncertainties}{128}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.3}Detection of Electrons}{130}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.4}Conclusion}{131}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Instrumentation}{133}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{133}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}MAD Super Conducting Spectrometer}{136}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}General}{136}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Combined Function Magnet}{136}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Magnet DC Power and Energy Dump System}{145}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Magnet Control System}{147}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.5}Support Structure}{147}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.6}Spectrometer Motion System}{148}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.7}Shield House}{148}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.8}MAD Vacuum Systems}{149}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.9}Cryogenic Systems}{150}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.10}Operating Modes}{150}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}MAD Optics}{152}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}General Characteristics}{152}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Raytracing Studies}{153}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}MAD Simulations}{159}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}MCEEP}{159}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}SIMC}{159}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}GEANT Simulation of Backgrounds}{160}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}MAD Detectors}{162}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5.1}Scintillators}{163}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5.2}Drift chambers}{164}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chamber Design}{165}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Chamber Simulations}{165}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5.3}Gas \v {C}erenkov{} counter}{165}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5.4}Aerogel \v {C}erenkov{} counters}{167}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5.5}Electromagnetic Calorimeter}{168}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5.6}Focal Plane Proton Polarimeter}{169}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.6}Trigger Electronics}{178}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6.1}DAQ for MAD}{178}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6.2}DAQ upgrade for the HRS}{180}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.7}High Performance Calorimeter}{181}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.8}The Hall A Beam Line}{186}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8.1}Beam Polarimeters}{187}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{M\o {}ller Polarimeter}{187}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Compton Polarimeter}{188}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8.2}Beam Energy Measurement Devices}{189}
\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{191}