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DOCUMENT ID |
6310 Protection
from Ionizing Radiation |
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1.0
Purpose
Ionizing radiation and a variety of radioactive
materials
are an integral part of research activities at Jefferson Lab. Ionizing
radiation is generated by interactions of the accelerated electron beam with
beam line components (e.g., magnets, flanges, and beam dumps) and experimental
equipment such as targets and detectors. These interactions give rise to two
sources of potential ionizing radiation exposure.
·
prompt radiation is emitted
in the above interactions only when an accelerator is running;
this type of ionizing radiation stops when the
accelerator is turned off
·
induced radioactivity: prompt radiation can
generate radioactive nuclei in surrounding materials through activation (induced radioactivity). Activated
materials continue to emit radiation after the accelerator has been shut off.
The potential for activation exists, to some extent, in most areas of the Continuous Electron Beam
Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and Low Energy Recirculator Facility
(LERF) accelerators. Activation is not
expected in the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF).
Ionizing radiation emitted from any source presents
a hazard issue, and is managed through the Radiation Control
Department. Potential impact is significantly reduced by
adhering to the philosophy of keeping radiation exposure ALARA, as low as reasonably achievable. The ALARA concept, an integral part
of all activities that involve the use or production of radiation or
radioactive materials, includes the design, construction, and operation of
existing and future facilities here at Jefferson Lab. Outlined in this chapter
are the requirements and procedures – applicable to everyone at the Lab – that ensure
successful implementation of the program.
The goals of
the Radiation Protection Program are summarized as follows.
·
There
should not be any exposure of workers to ionizing radiation without the
expectation of an overall benefit from the activity causing the exposure.
·
Radiological activities should be optimized such that dose to
personnel is kept ALARA.
TJNAFs Radiation Protection Program is detailed in
the Radiological Control Manual and
satisfies applicable Federal, State, and local requirements as outlined in ES&H
Manual Chapter 2410 Appendix T1, Hazard Issues List.
2.0
Scope
This chapter
applies to all operations and activities that could create ionizing radiation,
or involve procurement, production, use, movement, or disposal of radioactive
materials of any kind on TJNAF property; everyone
is expected to adhere to the requirements of the program. For details
regarding specific radiation control procedures and requirements, refer to the Radiological
Control Manual or contact the Radiation
Control Department for further details.
Controls for radiation hazards judged to be
unique to accelerator operations (e.g., engineered controls for prompt radiation)
are identified in the Accelerator Safety Envelope (ASE) contained within TJNAFs
Final Safety Assessment Document (FSAD).
Required radiological control
training by job classification |
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Course1 |
unescorted
access to |
Assigned
Radiation Monitor |
Radiological
Control Technician |
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Controlled
Areas |
Radiologically
Controlled Areas |
Radiologically
Contaminated Areas |
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General Employee Radiation
Training2 SAF800 |
X |
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Radiation Worker Level I
(RW-I) SAF801P, SAF801C & SAF801T |
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X |
X |
X |
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Radiation Worker Level II
(RW-II) Radiologically Contaminated Area Work SAF802 |
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X |
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Assigned Radiation Monitor SAF803 |
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X |
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Radiological Control
Technician SAF899 |
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X |
1 Standard
courses are shown; specialized training may be conducted to address specific
job classifications and conditions of work. Contact the Radiation Control
Department to ensure your training is adequate and current. 2 GERT |
3.0
Responsibilities
Note: Management authority may be delegated to a
task-qualified TJNAF employee at the discretion of the responsible manager. (Refer to the Radiological Control Manual for further
details.)
3.1
Everyone
at TJNAF
·
Enter
radiologically
controlled areas
(RCAs) only if you have the proper training and dosimetry, as well as a current
radiological survey (if necessary).
·
Minimize the potential for intake of radioactive
material. Do NOT smoke, eat, or chew gum or tobacco products
in radiation areas, high radiation areas, contamination areas, high
contamination areas, potentially contaminated areas,
airborne radioactivity areas, or radioactive
material areas.
·
Comply
with radiation control instructions posted on signs, provided by the Radiation Control
Department, an ARM, and/or the Accelerator Crew Chief.
·
Notify
the Radiation Control Department (extension [x] 6806
or 7219) to obtain written approval before bringing any radioactive materials,
radiation-generating devices, soil density test apparatus, or the like to Jefferson
Lab (see the Radiological
Control Manual
for further details).
·
Contact the Radiation
Control Department
(x6806 or x7219) before removing material from a radiologically controlled
area.
Examples of
Radiation Postings |
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·
Maintain
appropriate radiological training, SAF801C, Rad Worker I Initial Training (the practical portion of training is
not available online).
·
Wear a dosimeter
whenever you are in a radiologically controlled area. Refer to Chapter 5,
Radiological Health Support Operations, of the Radiological Control Manual for
further details.
·
Maintain awareness of your radiation exposure status and avoid
exceeding the TJNAF alert level of 0.25
rem. Refer to Chapter 2, Radiological Control
Standards, in the Radiological
Control Manual for further details.
·
Follow the requirements of radiological work
permits (RWPs) and other radiation safety procedures.
·
Place potentially radioactive tools, equipment, and solid waste
items in designated storage or waste containers.
Keep unnecessary items out of radiologically
controlled areas, where they could become activated. Report activated items or materials to the Radiation Control
Department if they have become unusable, and need to be disposed of.
Female radiation workers shall
also
·
be aware that ionizing radiation exposure carries a higher risk for
an embryo/fetus; TJNAF
fully supports special efforts to avoid exposure during pregnancy (refer to
Chapter 2 of the Radiological
Control Manual)
·
notify their supervisor if they suspect (or know) that they are
pregnant and desire any accommodation (they are also encouraged to discuss
radiation monitoring with the appropriate Radiation Control Department
representative)
3.3
Supervisor, Technical
Representative
(TR), or Sponsor
·
Ensure
everyone under your authority stays up-to-date with required radiation
training.
·
Ensure
worker exposure and the release of radioactive materials to the environment are
kept ALARA.
·
By
word and example, maintain high standards of compliance with radiation control
policy.
·
Ensure
that work in a radiological area is reviewed in advance by the Radiation
Control Department so an RWP is used in every applicable case.
·
Ensure
that Radiation Control Department advice regarding radiological controls is
properly incorporated, as applicable, in planning for maintenance or
modification.
·
Give
due consideration to any special monitoring requirements or work limitations
placed on radiation workers.
3.4
Assigned Radiation
Monitor
(ARM)
·
Complete
and maintain appropriate radiation training.
·
Upon
completion of training, serve as a Radiation Control Department representative
to ensure radiation control programs are followed.
·
Assist
the Radiation Control Department by conducting routine radiation surveys,
according to approved procedures, prior to accelerator enclosure access.
·
Conduct
non-routine surveillance, checks, and measurements – under Radiation Control
Department guidance – in response to unusual conditions, alarming instrumentation,
etc.
3.5
Source Custodians and Radioactive Material Custodians
Ensure any radiation source in your charge
is used, maintained, and stored properly. (Refer to Chapter 4 of the Radiological Control Manual for further
details.)
4.0 Expectations
ALL employees,
subcontractors, users, and visitors are expected to fulfill their
responsibilities as outlined above. Furthermore, it is expected that the Radiation
Control Department will be contacted (x6806 or x7219) when clarification or assistance is needed.
Only appropriately trained Radiological Control Technicians are authorized to release material from radiologically controlled areas; ARMs are not authorized to perform these duties.
Contact the Radiation Control Department for more information.
5.0 Revision History
rev |
summary |
date |
2.0 |
periodic 3-year review - updated terms, titles, etc. as well as hyperlinks - removed Medical Monitoring for Hazardous Work
(MED01) from the table in 2.0 as well as references to medical monitoring
throughout the chapter - changed SOTR to TR -
updated Revision Summary to table format, Revision History |
06.14.2022 |
1.3 |
updated TPOC from VVylet to KWelch |
03.25.2019 |
1.2 |
periodic review; minor edit to reflect the optimization aspect
of ALARA (as described in DOE-HDBK-1215-2014) |
08.04.2016 |
1.1 |
added required safety training table in section
2.0 |
05.20.2014 |
1.0 |
updated to reflect current laboratory
operations |
06.23.2011 |
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ISSUING
AUTHORITY |
TECHNICAL POINT-OF-CONTACT |
APPROVAL
DATE |
NEXT REVIEW
DATE |
REVIEW
CYCLE |
rev |
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ES&H Division |
03.25.2019 |
06.14.2025 |
3 years |
2.0 |
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