|
|
TITLE: |
||
|
|
|||
|
DOCUMENT ID: |
6315 Appendix T1 Ionizing Radiation Monitoring Procedures |
||
|
|
|||
1.0
Introduction
This
appendix sets forth procedures for measuring radioactive
material and/or radiation in Jefferson Lab effluent
streams and environmental media.
Implementing these procedures is the responsibility of the Radiation
Control Department (RadCon) Manager.
2.0
Effluent Monitoring
2.1
Air
The National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for radionuclides
emitted from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities (40
CFR Part 61, Subpart H) limit the dose equivalent to members of the general
public to 10 mrem
per year. Jefferson Lab’s general
population annual action level is 10 mrem from all exposure pathways.
Compliance with the NESHAP regulations is demonstrated using
facility-specific data generated with the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)-approved computer program CAP-88PC. This information was compiled by RadCon to verify values provided
to the EPA for original approval for construction. It was updated in 1995 to include effects
from emissions from the end stations.
Annual calculations will be provided to the EPA by June 30 of each
year. The information will also be
incorporated into the Site Environmental
Report (SER), which is provided to private and public interest groups. Actions required to
maintain NESHAP compliance with regards to adding facilities, or
modifications to existing ones, will be coordinated through RadCon.
Sampling
procedure: RadCon staff
takes periodic samples of air in the accelerator enclosure and the end stations
to confirm calculations.
2.2
Water
2.2.1
Beam dump
cooling water
As specified under the terms of the Industrial Wastewater
Discharge Permit with the Hampton Roads
Sanitation District (HRSD), approximately 25 gallons per day of slightly
activated water from each of the two high-power beam dumps
will be sampled, evaluated to ensure that it is within acceptable limits,
tabulated, and then discharged to the sanitary sewer system. Automatic sampling shall be performed and
recorded. A separate sample is taken,
composited, and then analyzed weekly by RadCon staff for comparison.
The water is analyzed for Tritium and Beryllium-7 concentrations.
In addition, effluent water discharged to the sewer is composited
continuously and sent to an off-site laboratory for analysis of Tritium and
gross beta concentrations.
The overall program that addresses all beam dumps
and associated condensate collection systems is described in ES&H Manual Chapter 8030 Appendix T2 Activated Water Management. The specific sampling procedure for use in
this program has been developed by RadCon and is described in a RadCon standard operating procedure.
2.2.2
Sump pump discharges
Generally, sump pump discharges have no contaminants present and
are discharged directly to surface waters.
Since some of the water has a potential of having low levels of radioactivity,
a program has been established to monitor the discharges in accelerator and end
station areas.
Water samples are periodically collected from designated
accelerator and end station sumps. The
data are compared to the on-site groundwater limits and managed by RadCon to ensure that any offsite
release is within applicable regulations and conditions.
The sumps discharge to the storm drainage system contiguous with
Jefferson Lab. Since it is extremely
unlikely that this water will contain radioactive material, composite samples
are retrospectively analyzed by RadCon. Identified issues, if any, will be addressed
in a timely manner by RadCon and
Environmental, Safety, Health, and Quality (ESH&Q) staff.
The Activated Water Management Program referenced above also
addresses these discharges. The sampling
procedure has been developed by RadCon and is described in a RadCon standard operating procedure.
2.2.3
Groundwater
withdrawal effluent
During The Course of the Preoperational VPA Permit, sampling of
the pumped groundwater effluent from end station dewatering was performed
monthly or quarterly according to the VPA permit conditions. The radiological parameters monitored were
the same as identified in ES&H
Manual Chapter 6315 Environmental Monitoring of Ionizing
Radiation. This information
was also included in establishing the monitoring baseline for comparison during
long term facility operations.
Long term monitoring at the discharge point shall be performed
monthly, or as directed in the terms of the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) Permit No. VA0089320. The radiological parameters to be monitored
under the permit are Tritium, Beryllium-7, Sodium-22, and Manganese-54
concentrations. Separate monitoring will
be performed on weekly basis under a program described in ES&H Manual Chapter 8011 Environmental Monitoring Program.
The analyses are done by a subcontract laboratory. RadCon audits the laboratory and reviews and verifies the
analytical results.
Sampling procedure: The sampling procedure is specified in the
Groundwater Sampling Procedure section of this appendix.
2.3
Soil
Based on existing regulations, there is not currently a need to
monitor radionuclide concentrations in soil as part of the Jefferson Lab
environmental surveillance program. This
is based, in part, on the air emissions estimates, direct radiation monitoring,
and water effluent monitoring data.
Should conditions change such that soil sampling/analyses become
warranted, procedures will be developed and implemented by RadCon.
As construction or cleanup work is done in areas where soil has
the potential of being irradiated, RadCon will monitor radionuclide concentrations. If conditions warrant, soil disposal will be
coordinated through the RadCon Manager.
2.4
Environmental
Surveillance
2.4.1
External radiation
Gamma radiation is measured at six or more locations along the
site boundary with aluminum oxide thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs). TLDs are deployed by RadCon and are analyzed by a TLD subcontractor. Results are reviewed by RadCon. These measurements began in 1992.
RadCon began taking passive neutron radiation measurements in January
1996 using fission track-etch detectors.
The detectors are located along with the other instrumentation as shown
on the following map.
In addition to the TLDs and track-etch detectors, active probes
(i.e., Geiger Mueller detectors for photons and helium recoil detectors for
neutrons) are deployed at six locations along the site boundary. They send monitoring data electronically to a
central computer.
RadCon reviews the instrumentation needs and placement of devices based
on monitoring and calculation results. RadCon ensures that a sufficient
system continues to be in place to determine accurate radiation measurements at
the site boundary.
2.4.2
Groundwater sampling procedure
A groundwater sampling standard operating procedure serving both
preoperational and long term monitoring requirements has been prepared for
Jefferson Lab. The key elements are
excerpted below:
·
Perform sampling during or near the first week of the first month
of the calendar quarter (or in accordance with the new permit requirements).
·
Perform well measurements for depth to water and total depth.
·
Purge 3 to 5 well volumes of water.
·
Collect sample.
·
Analyze sample for pH, temperature, and specific conductivity.
·
Pour sample in suitable sample jar; package for same-day transport
to analytical laboratory.
·
Fill out chain-of-custody form to be sent to lab with samples.
Following permit terms and conditions, radiological parameters in
the groundwater are analyzed according to the following analytical methods.
Table 1: Test Methods for groundwater radiological parameters
|
Parameter |
Analytical Method |
Regulatory Reference |
|
Total Radium |
EPA/600/4-80-032 903.0 and 904.0, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
|
Strontium-90 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 905.0, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
|
Calcium-45 |
LA-1721 |
App. B NIPDWR |
|
Gross Alpha |
EPA/600/4-80-032 900.1, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
|
Gross Beta |
EPA/600/4-80-032 900.0, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
|
Beryllium-7 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 901.1, |
App. B NIPDWR |
|
Sodium-22 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 901.1, |
App. B NIPDWR |
|
Sodium-24 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 901.1, |
NBS Pub. 69 |
|
Manganese-54 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 901.1, |
App. B NIPDWR |
|
Cobalt-60 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 901.1, |
App. B NIPDWR |
|
Cesium-134 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 901.1, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
|
Tritium |
EPA/600/4-80-032 906.0, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
|
Thorium-230, 232 |
EPA/600/4-80-032 907.0, |
40 CFR 141.25 |
Sampling and analysis was performed for all of the above listed
parameters in the course of the preoperational monitoring program. Monitoring was performed monthly during the
first year of the permit (beginning in October 1989) and then quarterly
thereafter. Baseline statistics have
been compiled and provided to the DEQ for use in setting up conditions for the
long term monitoring program.
Wells monitored during the full course of the preoperational monitoring
program were: GW-2, GW-3, GW-7, GW-8,
GW-15, and GW-17 (ArcW (A)). Wells added to the program in January 1995
were BDA-1, BDB-1, BDC-1, GW-6a, and BSY-1.
GW-15a was also added in January 1995 to replace the decommissioned
GW-15.
Long term radiological monitoring at the wells under the VPDES
permit No. VA0089320 requires analyzing samples for
Gross Beta, Tritium, Beryllium-7, Sodium-22, and Manganese-54.
Wells to be sampled and analyzed for contaminants under the long
term monitoring program follow. The monitoring
frequency is also shown.
|
The upgradient well is positioned at a high point in the groundwater table. The A Ring wells are located closest to the tunnel or beam dumps. The B Ring wells are situated just downgradient of the A wells. The C wells are located downgradient of the B Ring wells close to the site boundary. |
Table
2: Long Term Monitoring Well Information
|
Well Number |
Proximity to Pollution Source |
Monitoring Frequency |
Location |
|
GW-15a |
Upgradient |
Annual |
NW of End Stations |
|
GW-20 |
A Ring |
Quarterly |
South Linac Recombiner |
|
GW-21 |
A Ring |
Quarterly |
South Linac Spreader |
|
GW-22 |
A Ring |
Quarterly |
Beam Switchyard |
|
GW-6a |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
South Linac Recombiner |
|
GW-23 |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
South Linac Spreader |
|
GW-24 |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
Beam Switchyard |
|
GW-3 |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
Experimental Hall C |
|
GW-25 |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
Beam Dump - Hall A |
|
GW-26 |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
Beam Dump - Hall B |
|
GW-27 |
B Ring |
Semi-Annual |
Beam Dump - Hall C |
|
GW-28 |
C Ring |
Annual |
South Linac Recombiner |
|
GW-29 |
C Ring |
Annual |
South Linac Spreader |
|
GW-2 |
C Ring |
Annual |
Beam Switchyard |
|
GW-30 |
C Ring |
Annual |
Experimental Halls |
Table 3: Pump Discharge Monitoring
Information
|
Pump Discharge |
Monitoring Frequency |
Location |
|
Discharge Number 001 |
Quarterly |
End station
Dewatering Sump |
2.4.3
Air sampling procedures
As stated above, compliance with the radionuclide NESHAP is
demonstrated through calculations conducted with the computer code
CAP-88PC. Offsite air samplers will be
employed if potential airborne releases could result in an annual effective
dose equivalent greater that 0.1 mrem to the maximally exposed
individual. If conditions warrant
sampling of airborne emissions, sampling will be conducted by RadCon. Key elements
of the sampling process for any compliance related measurements will include:
·
Sampling for several categories of airborne radionuclides;
i.e., particulates and gases as determined appropriate by RadCon.
·
Selection of sample locations sufficient to characterize the radionuclide
concentrations to which members of the general public may be exposed.
·
Meteorologic and demographic
considerations for off-site releases.
2.4.4
Soil sampling procedures
As stated above, Jefferson Lab does not currently collect soil
samples for radionuclide analyses. RadCon has collected samples
in the past and maintains them for future reference.
If in the future RadCon determines that soil radionuclide monitoring is necessary due to
increasing radionuclide release to air and/or water, procedures will be
developed which will include:
·
Collection and analysis of background samples to be taken during
any construction or demolition activities.
·
Characterization of both surface and/or subsurface soils.
·
Analytical requirements will be based on the specific decay
characteristics of the radionuclides being monitored.
RadCon will manage the
samples and analytical data per regulatory guidelines.
3.0
Reporting
Both RadCon
and ESH&Q Reporting have reporting responsibilities under this monitoring
program. RadCon provides sampling
and analysis data to ESH&Q Reporting who verifies completeness and ensures
transmittal to the appropriate agency or governmental office. The NESHAP Program is handled separately.
The RadCon Manager provides the DOE with
appropriate information to register new radiological NESHAP sources or to
provide information on modifications to existing sources in a timely
manner. ESH&Q Reporting shall be
provided a copy of this correspondence. RadCon is responsible to report annually
the highest effective dose rates through ESH&Q Reporting for submittal to
the EPA by June 30. This information
will also be incorporated into the Jefferson Lab SER.
External
radiation measurements are tracked by RadCon and given to
ESH&Q Reporting. ESH&Q Reporting
will incorporate this data into the SER which makes the information available
to the DOE and the general public.
Groundwater monitoring
data taken by RadCon shall be forwarded to ESH&Q Reporting for provision to the DEQ
by the tenth day of the month following sampling, as specified in the permit
conditions. Groundwater withdrawal
analytical results received under direction of RadCon shall be provided
with the monitoring well information.
Data from the
release of activated water to the sanitary sewer system shall be documented by RadCon. Monthly summaries shall be provided to
ESH&Q Reporting to allow inclusion in either state or sanitary sewer
district submittals. Quarterly summaries
shall also be provided to ESH&Q Reporting for inclusion in the SER. This information should also include tracking
of other activated water discharges.
Annual data from
surface water measurements taken by RadCon shall be provided to
ESH&Q Reporting every March for the previous calendar year, for inclusion
in the SER.
Any soil sampling
data collected by RadCon shall be summarized and provided to ESH&Q Reporting every
March.
|
|
ISSUING
AUTHORITY |
APPENDIX
AUTHOR |
APPROVAL
DATE |
EFFECTIVE
DATE |
EXPIRATION
DATE |
REV. |
|
|
|
ESH&Q Division |
12/09/03 |
12/09/03 |
12/09/06 |
0 |
|