TITLE:	ESH&Q Division
DOCUMENT ID:	Glossary of Terms

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B

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D

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M

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W

X

Y

Z

Acronyms

A

Abnormal Situation

Unplanned event or condition that adversely affects, potentially affects, or indicates degradation in the safety, security, environmental or health protection perfom1ance or operation of a facility.

AC utilization equipment

Equipment that utilizes electrical energy for electronic, electromechanical, chemical, heating, lighting, or similar purposes. For further information on this equipment, refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6230 Electronic Equipment Safe Work Policy.

acceleration system/component

Devices capable of accelerating particles to energies of > 10 keV. This includes ac, dc, or RF voltages in excess of 10 kV applied in or near a low pressure vessel. (Prompt radiation controls are recommended for equipment capable of generating a final particle energy ≥ 25 keV.)

Accelerator Operations Directives (AOD)

details the approach utilized by Accelerator operators to comply with Jefferson Lab policy, procedures, and documentation requirements.

Accelerator Safety Order

A reference document from DOE (DOE Order 420.2, Safety Of Accelerator Facilities, May 26, 1999) that provides guidance for ES&H issues associated with accelerators and accelerator-based experiments. Applicable portions of this document have been included in Appendix E of the JSA/Jefferson Lab contract with DOE.

Access Control System (ACS)

A system whose purpose is to reduce the likelihood of unauthorized or inadvertent access to areas presenting a radiation hazard to personnel.

Access Restricted Construction Site

Any construction site on Jefferson Lab property that generally meets the following criteria:

· A fenced site separate from the Jefferson Lab operations area.

· Vehicular access to the site does not enter the Jefferson Lab operations area.

· The subcontractor employees are not required to have a Jefferson Lab ID badge

· Jefferson Lab Staff, User, or service subcontractors are not allowed free access

Acclimatization ⁽¹⁾

The physiological adjustment process that occurs when a healthy worker accustomed to a temperate environment begins to work in a hot environment. These adjustments should take place over a period of days (up to 1-2 weeks), during which time spent may be gradually increased safely.

Action Level

A predetermined level which, when reached, triggers a particular action. (e.g. 30 μg/m3 for eight hours concentration of lead particulates in the air 30 μg/m3 for eight hours triggers stringent monitoring; or 1 rem in 1 year for an individual is the cumulative annual exposure which triggers Director approval to allow continuation of work.)

action limit

The evaluation of thermal stress, action limits may be used, such as temperature cutoffs or temperature index cutoffs. When an action limit is reached, the supervisor shall initiate action to prevent thermal illness or injury. (See Appendix 6670-T3 Assessment of Thermal Hazards.)

Action Owner

The individual assigned responsibility for completion of a corrective action.

activate

Cause to become radioactive.

active controls

Controls that require some action to prevent or mitigate the hazard.

Administrative control level

A numerical dose constraint established at a level below the regulatory limits to administratively control and helps reduce individual and collective dose.

Administrative Controls

Provisions related to organization and management i.e. procedures, recordkeeping, assessment, and reporting; to ensure safe operation of a facility. These depend upon employee awareness and compliance for their effectiveness; and are used to limit personnel exposure whenever a hazard cannot be reduced to safe levels through engineering controls. (Administrative controls are the least preferred mitigation method since they require the action of people in order to be effective.)

administrative laws and regulations (AL&R)

Laws and regulations that Jefferson Lab is required to follow, but that do not directly alter the level of safety, health, or environmental protection.

administrative lockout/tagout

Procedures used to restrict operation, access, equipment use, or tampering for reasons other than maintenance and repair.

administrative procedures

Procedures related to ES&H, adopted by Jefferson Lab, which do not directly alter the level of safety, health, or environmental protection.

affected employee

A person who relies on equipment on which LO/TO is applied during maintenance or service. The affected employee is not necessarily the one performing the maintenance. It is anyone whose work requires entry into an area where that person might be injured by an uncontrolled release of energy as a result of maintenance and service or whose work may be interrupted by the maintenance.

affirmative procurement (AP)

A federal program that obligates the federal government to participate in the final link in the closed loop recycling process, procurement of products made from recycled materials.

Agreement Parties

The parties authorized to sign the contract, and modifications thereof, between the DOE and the Jefferson Science Associates, LLC (JSA) on behalf of their respective institutions. These parties are the Contracting Officer and the President of JSA.

Airborne radioactive material or airborne radioactivity

Radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases.

Airborne radioactivity area

Any area, accessible to individuals, where: (1) The concentration of airborne radioactivity, above natural background, exceeds or is likely to exceed the derived air concentration (DAC) values listed in appendix A or appendix C of this part or (2) An individual present in the area without respiratory protection could receive an intake exceeding 12 DAC-hours in a week.

alert level

The cumulative annual exposure that triggers special efforts by the worker and supervisor to keep the worker’s exposure ALARA. Jefferson Lab’s alert level is 0.25 rem (250 mrem) in 1 year.

Alternative Design Rules

A set of design rules that permit the safe design of a pressure system that, because of materials, material thickness or operating conditions, cannot be made to conform to the ASME BPV or B31.3.

alternative duty

A temporary assignment to other-than-customary work operation to allow productive work during an injury recuperation period. This may include an assignment outside the employee’s normal work group.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

A professional society whose members consist of government employees and academia. The Threshold Limit Value developed by this group is the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, which is used to establish guidelines when working under non-solar, heat stress conditions. To evaluate cold stress, the ACGIH wind-chill index is used. Jefferson Lab uses the TLVs to help determine appropriate action limits. Issues threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents – including noise. http://www.acgih.org/home.htm

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Provides guidelines on safety procedures, hazard analysis, and related technical specifications on a wide variety of activities. Many of the equipment and procedural safety standards at Jefferson Lab are based upon ANSI standards. http://www.ansi.org/

American National Standards Institute and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (ANSI/IEEE)

These two organizations have collaborated to produce two standards, “Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Potentially Hazardous Electromagnetic Fields — RF and Microwave.” Its reference number is C95.3–1991. (Also the “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields” C95.1 3 kHz to 300 GHz.) http://www.ansi.org/ / http://www.ieee.org/portal/site

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

The professional engineering organization whose Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is the standard for pressure vessel engineering at Jefferson Lab. This code can also be adapted for certain cases of vacuum vessel engineering design. The most frequently used sections of the Code as applied to pressure vessels used at Jefferson Lab are: Section II: Materials; Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels; Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications. http://www.asme.org/

ANSI Z-136.1 “American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers”

Sufficient external standard requirements we are contractually required to meet for safe laser use, prepared by the American National Standards Institute. Copies are available from the Laser Safety Officer or ESH&Q Reporting Officer.

apparent temperature

The perceived temperature derived from either a combination of temperature and wind (Wind Chill), or temperature and humidity (Heat Index) for the indicated hour. Apparent temperature may be used when the Wind Chill temperatures fall to 50°F or less, and the Heat Index when temperatures rise above 80°F. Between 51 and 80°F the Apparent Temperature is the dry-bulb ambient-air temperature.

Appendix B

An appendix to the contract between DOE and JSA which defines performance measures used for determining the quality of Jefferson Lab’s performance.

Appendix E

An appendix to the Contract which defines specific operational and ES&H-related requirements which the laboratory must fulfill.

Approved Equipment

an apparatus or component of a system and any associated safety equipment used for welding, cutting, brazing that has been approved by management for the intended purpose

Arc Flash Boundary

the approach limit from a prospective arc source within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur (ref. NFPA 70E). When work is to be performed within the Arc Flash Boundary, qualified persons shall use protective clothing and other personal protective equipment that is appropriate for the available incident energy of the system being worked on.

Archives

The non-current records of an organization preserved because of their continuing, historical, or enduring value.

As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)

"As Low As is Reasonably Achievable," which is the approach to radiation protection to manage and control exposures (both individual and collective) to the work force and to the general public to as low as is reasonable, taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations. As used in this part, ALARA is not a dose limit but a process which has the objective of attaining doses as far below the applicable limits of this part as is reasonably achievable.

Asbestos-Containing Building Material (ACBM)

Components, systems, surfaces in a building that were manufactured with asbestos, or to which asbestos coatings have been applied.

ASME – Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code

The national consensus code used as the standard for pressure vessel design, fabrication, testing and inspection at Jefferson Lab. The most frequently used sections of the ASME BPV Code as applied to pressure vessels at Jefferson Lab are:

· Section II: Materials, Parts A, B, C, and D

· Section V: Nondestructive Examination

· Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Divisions I & II

· Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications

ASME – Code for Pressure Piping B31

The national consensus code used as the standard for piping system design, fabrication, testing and inspection at Jefferson Lab. Sections of B31 which apply to piping systems at Jefferson Lab include:

· B31.1 Power Piping

· B31.3 Process Piping*

· B31.5 Refrigeration Piping

· B31.9 Building Services Piping

*ASME B31.3 Process Piping shall be used as the primary standard for Jefferson Lab piping systems. Other sections shall be applied as appropriate based on sound judgment of the Design Authority and proven practices in the respective field.

Aspect

A particular status or phase in which something appears or may be regarded.

Aspect category

used to separate out environmental aspects into groupings such as regulated waste and ionizing radiation

Aspect, environmental

Element of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interact with the environment.

Aspect, significant

A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact.

Aspen LMS (Learning Management System)

A completely web-based system that maintains all ITPs and synchronizes data with CIS daily.

Asset

includes equipment, materials, services, and software either built on-site or purchase from an outside vendor.

Assigned Radiation Monitor (ARM)

ARM assists the Radiation Control Group in performing radiation survey measurements of the facility and equipment. ARMs are members of the FEL group and the Machine Control Center staff, as well as others, who have completed special radiation survey training.

Staff members who have completed special radiation survey training and assists the Radiation Control Group in performing radiation survey measurements of the facility and equipment.

Attendant

An individual who is stationed outside the PRCS and monitors the authorized entrants and performs other attendant’s duties as indicated on the entry permit.

Audiometric testing

A procedure which measures hearing ability. The perception threshold is established at representative frequencies from 500 Hz to 8 kHz. The unit of measure is decibels on the A-weighted sound scale, dBA, which measures the slow response sound pressure level relative to 0.2 newton/cm2, frequency-normalized for typical human ear sound response.

Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

The decision-making authority for fire-protection systems, building features and suitability for occupancy with respect to fire safety as described in this program. Final AHJ responsibilities rest with the cognizant DOE Authority. The Jefferson Lab Facilities Management Director (PED) provides the laboratory with direction for fire-protection based upon contractual commitments and applicable standards and codes, and serves as the on-site AHJ.

authorized employee

A person who locks out and/or tags out equipment in order to perform servicing or maintenance on that equipment or a person who implements a lockout/ and/or tagout system procedural element on equipment in order to permit servicing or maintenance. An individual must be lock and tag qualified (a “tagger”) in order to be considered an authorized employee.

Authorized Entrant

A person authorized to enter a PRCS.

Authorized Inspector

A person regularly employed by an ASME-accredited Authorized Inspection Agency (see BPV Code, ¶ UG-91(a)(1)) to inspect ASME code-stamped pressure vessels.

Authorizer Modifier

An individual or a group of individuals that is listed on the tag or holds the combination or key to the lock being used.

Aversion response

Often referred to as the “blink reflex.” Aversion response is the closing of the eyelid, or movement of the eye/head to avoid exposure to a noxious stimulant or bright light. The aversion response is assumed to occur within 0.25 sec including blink reflex time and is only applicable to visible laser wavelengths.

B

Backflow preventer

A mechanical device used to prevent foreign materials from entering and contaminating the drinking water supply.

Backup protection

A secondary, redundant, protective system designed to de-energize a device, system, or facility so as to permit safe physical contact by maintenance personnel. A backup protective system must be totally independent of the first-line protection and capable of functioning in the event of total failure of the first-line protective system.

Beam dump

A beam dump is a complete system that provides for the controlled absorption of the accelerated beam power.

Beam power absorber

Device designed to safely absorb an electron beam and transfer the power to another medium.

Becquerel (Bq)

The International System (SI) unit for activity of radioactive material. One becquerel is that quantity of radioactive material in which one atom is transformed per second or undergoes one disintegration per second.

Below-the-Hook Lifting Device

Any device, such as a spreader bar, as described in ASME B30.20-1993 Section 20-0.1.

beryllium article

Defined by the 10 CFR part 850 Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program; Final Rule December 8, 1999: A manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end-use functions that depend in whole or in part on its shape or design during end use, and that does not release beryllium or otherwise result in exposure to airborne concentrations of beryllium under normal conditions of use.

Bioassay

The determination of the kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement or by analysis and evaluation of radioactive materials excreted or removed from the human body.

Bio-based product

A commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that utilizes biological products or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal, or marine) or forestry materials.

Bioelectronic device

Any type of electrically powered medical device that assists in maintaining metabolic processes or is worn for diagnostic purposes. These may be surgically implanted or worn externally. Examples include cardiac pacemakers, implanted defibrillators, and insulin pumps.

Blind Penetration

Drilling, cutting, nailing, and installing fasteners, etc. into a wall or floor when the interior is concealed from view.

Blood

Human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.

Bloodborne pathogens

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Body of the contract

The main part of the contract between the DOE and JSA. The current contract is effective since 1999.

Brake

A device, other than a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or powered means.

Brazement

An assembly having its joints produced by brazing.

Brazing

A joining process whereby a non-ferrous filler metal or alloy is heated to melting temperature and distributed between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary action.

Brazing Procedure Specification (BPS)

Written detailed methods and practices including a brazing procedure involved in the production of a brazement.

Building Service Electrical Equipment

All industry standard, UL listed (or other nationally recognized testing standard) electrical equipment which provides common building utilities such as electrical distribution, environmental controls, elevator service, compressed air, refrigeration

Business Continue Plan (or Program) (BCP)

An ongoing process supported by senior management to ensure that the necessary steps are taken to identify the impact of potential losses, maintain viable recovery plans and strategies, and ensure continuity of operations through personnel training, plan testing and maintenance.

C

Calibration

To adjust and/or determine either: (i) The response or reading of an instrument relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or to a series of conventionally true values or (ii) The strength of a radiation source relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or conventionally true value.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

The provision of emergency ventilation and external chest compressions to maintain a steady flow of blood and oxygen for a person whose heart and/or lungs have stopped functioning.

Central Information System (CIS)

Jefferson Lab’s information database that contains, among other applications, ES&H course completion. CIS and the Aspen LMS synchronize daily.

change driver

The reason for considering and/or making a change to an existing obligatory procedure.

Class

An offering of a course that has a specific time and date; usually instructor-led. Completion of a class provides credit for completing its parent course.

Clean Air Act and Amendments (CAAA)

The 1990 Clean Air Act is the most recent version of a law first passed in 1970 to clean up air pollution. It covers some important provisions and how they may affect you. If you would like to learn more about the 1990 Clean Air Act, visit www.epa.gov/air/caa/.

Clevis

A U-shaped fitting with pins used for lifting.

closed-loop recycling

The process by which products are purchased and used then collected and reused, avoiding the cost and environmental damage associated with waste disposal. This reuse may include the product itself (book exchange) or the products material (old newspaper to cellulose).

Collecting optics

System of lenses, mirrors, or other optical devices which significantly increases the radiant flux density (laser beam’s intensity).

Collective dose

The sum of the total effective dose equivalent values for all individuals in a specified population. Collective dose is expressed in units of person-rem (or person-sievert).

Combustible

A material that can, under most conditions, burn.

Common

a procedure or program applying to a large fraction of JSA’s employees, and adopted by the JSA as applicable to the entire laboratory.

Competent Person

In the context of this policy and related procedures, one who has documented training and experience in the location and marking of buried and concealed utilities by use of specialized instruments and by interpreting building and site drawings to aid in such location.

Compressed (or pressurized) gas

Any gas enclosed in a container at a pressure higher than 40 psia at 68°F (20°C); also any flammable liquid enclosed in a container with a vapor pressure of 40 psia or higher at 100°F (37.8°C). See ES& H Manual Chapter 6150 Compressed Gases

configuration control

A strict change control system that protects all elements of a set of prompt ionizing radiation controls from unauthorized or inadvertent modification.

Confined space

An area that meets all of the following three criteria:

· There is sufficient space for a person to enter and perform work;

· There are limited/restricted means for entering/exiting the space;

· The space was not designed for continuous occupancy.

Confined Space Entry

occurs when any part of the body breaks the plane of the confined space opening. See ES&H Manual Chapter 6160 Confined Space Entry

Consequence Level

The likely effect of an incident/accident in terms of injury to personnel, damage to facility operation, and environmental impact.

Consequence Level	Severity	Property Loss
High (H)	Serious impact on-site and off-site. May cause deaths or loss of facility operation. Major impact on the environment	> $100,000
Medium (M)	Major impact on and/or minor impact off-site. May cause death, severe injury, severe occupational illness to personnel, major damage to the facility operation, or minor impact on the environment.	> $50,000
Low (L)	Minor impact on-site with no off-site impact. May cause minor injury, minor occupational illness, or minor impact on the environment.	> $500
Extremely Low (EL)	Will not result in a significant injury, occupational illness, or provide a significant impact on the environment	< $500

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 3210 Appendix T3 Risk Code Assignment.)

construction

Work that is not considered maintenance/repair work. Work involved in the constructing or renovating of a facility or of a facility site, including their utility systems, performed by workers in the building trades.

An all inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification, and pressure relief.

Contaminant

Any objectionable or hazardous physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water.

Contaminated surface

The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.

Contamination area

An area where transferable radioactive contamination exists in quantities above specified limits. These areas are posted with signs, and access is restricted to specially trained workers via Radiological Work Permits (RWPs).

Continual improvement

A process to enhance the EMS in order to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance in line with the organization’s environmental policy.

Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP)

An internal effort within an organization to assure that the capability exists to continue essential business functions across a wide range of potential emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents and technological and/or attack/terrorist-related emergencies. Essentially equivalent to Business Continuity Plan.

Contracting Technical Representative (CTR) (See SOTR)

Acts as liaison between the Lab and contracted workers and is responsible for their actions while here.

Contractual requirement

An obligation which Jefferson Lab has as a result of a provision in the contract.

Contributing factor

A situation, condition, or practice that made the accident more likely to occur or that worsened the outcome.

Control of the Site

Term that indicates when the group performing the work has taken physical control of the site to the extent that previously marked utilities could not be altered and additional utilities could not be installed without their knowledge.

Controlled area

An area where access is controlled to protect individuals from radiation exposure.

Controlled area radiation monitor (CARM)

A radiation detection system in an occupied area interlocked to the accelerator’s Personnel Safety System (PSS), which shuts off the electron beam if radiation levels exceed set points.

Controlled Document

A document approved by an appropriate level of management, reviewed at a predetermined interval, and made available to those who perform under its direction.

Controls

Provisions related to organization and management i.e. procedures, recordkeeping, assessment, and reporting; necessary to ensure safe operation of a facility. Practices or devices designed to manage or reduce hazards. Controls may consist of engineering and/or administrative devices, warnings, or procedures designed to control hazards.

Corrective Action (Synonym: Preventive Action)

An activity that restores a service, item, component, or process to a state of acceptable compliance with specifications, procedures, or regulatory requirements. (Corrective Actions are designated in CATS within the “Issue Type” pull-down menu.)

Corrective Action Tracking System (CATS)

The Jefferson Lab online database used to document, track, and trend; findings, observations, and proposed corrective actions to completion. https://mis.jlab.org/ehs/

Corrosive

A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

Course

A training program or “learning activity” that is designed to teach or impart the information necessary to acquire a skill.

Crane

A machine for lifting and lowering a load vertically, and moving it horizontally with the hoisting mechanism as an integral part of the machine. With a single or multiple girder movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure.

Crane/Hoist Owner/Supervisor

The individual listed on Jefferson Lab property documentation as the custodian of the MHE.

Criteria and Review Approach Document (CRAD)

A detailed compilation of documentation titles, positions/titles of interviewees, locations and work functions to observe and questions to ask to perform an assessment.

Critical device

Specific accelerator or beamline components that are used to ensure the electron beam is either inhibited or cannot be transported into areas where people are present. A critical device can be an individual component or a collection of components. Examples include power supplies, power switches, beam stoppers, beam current monitors, and electron guns.

Critical Lift

As defined by DOE-STD-1090-2007 Chapter 2 – “A lift shall be designated critical if any of the following conditions are met:

1. The load item, if damaged or upset would result in a release into the environment of radioactive or hazardous material exceeding the established permissible environmental limits.

2. The load item is unique and, if damaged, would be irreplaceable or not repairable and is vital to a system, facility or project operation.

3. The cost to replace or repair the load item, or the delay in operations of having the load item damaged would have a negative impact on facility, organizational, or DOE budgets to the extent that it would affect program commitments.

4. A lift not meeting the above criteria shall also be designated critical if mishandling or dropping of the load would cause any of the above noted consequences to nearby installations or facilities.”

Critique

Meetings of personnel involved in or knowledgeable about an event (either a success or an abnormal event) to document a chronological listing of the facts.

Cryogen

A supercooled substance, usually liquid, that is used to cool other materials to extremely low temperatures.

Curie (Ci)

Unit of radioactivity equivalent to 37 billion disintegrations per second.

Customer

The entity for whom another performs work.

Cutting

The act of shearing, slicing, or shaping metal, usually using cutting torches or powered tools that produce hot edges or fragments.

The act of shearing, slicing, or shaping metal, usually using powered tools that produce hot edge or fragments, or cutting torches.

D

Daisy Chain

Extension cords connected in series.

danger tag

A specific type of tag (and the only authorized tag) used as the official warning tag for maintenance/repair LO/TO at Jefferson Lab. It is used to warn people not to tamper with equipment which has the potential for the hazardous release of energy. Each tag must carry the printed name of the person who placed the tag. Below is a typical tag.

Declared pregnant worker

A woman who has voluntarily declared to her employer, in writing, her pregnancy for the purpose of being subject to the occupational exposure limits to the embryo/fetus as provided in §835.206. This declaration may be revoked, in writing, at any time by the declared pregnant worker.

Decontamination

Process of removing radioactive contamination and materials from personnel, equipment or areas.

Deep dose equivalent

The dose equivalent derived from external radiation at a depth of 1 cm in tissue.

Deliverable

A product or service.

Deluge system

Special-purpose extinguishing system for a limited-size, high-hazard area, and limited in quantity of extinguishing agent.

Derived air concentration (DAC)

For the radionuclides listed in appendix A of this part, the airborne concentration that equals the ALl divided by the volume of air breathed by an average worker for a working year of2000 hours (assuming a breathing volume of 2400 m3). For the radionuclides listed in appendix C of this part, the air immersion DACs were calculated for a continuous, non-shielded exposure via in1mersion in a semi-infinite atmospheric cloud.

Design Authority

The engineer designated by a Division Head to be responsible for establishing the design requirements and ensuring that design output documentation accurately reflects the design basis. The Design Authority is responsible for design control and ultimate technical adequacy of the design process. These responsibilities are applicable whether the process is conducted fully in-house, partially contracted to outside organizations or fully contracted to outside organizations. The Design Authority may delegate design work but not its responsibilities.

Engineer designated by a Division to be responsible for pressure system design, fabrication and testing.

Design review

A process to identify and correct errors and discrepancies in project designs, while assuring conformance with applicable codes and standards. It also ensures completeness, value engineering, and the ability to construct and maintain a durable and safe facility that meets the needs of its users. The scope and detail of design review is generally matched to that of the intended project.

Designated inspector

A person who, on the basis of training, experience and qualifications, has been designated to perform inspection duties in his/her area of expertise.

Designated static magnetic field area

A work area in which the occupational guidelines for exposure to magnetic fields have the potential to be exceeded.

Dewar

Approved container for storing cryogens.

Direct cause

The action or event that led directly to the incident.

Direct electrical hazard

A potential source of injury resulting from the flow of electrical energy through a person (electrical shocks and burns).

Directive

An instruction or set of instructions, issued by the DOE in the form of a DOE Order or DOE Notice. Such directives are applicable to contractors, such as JSA, if they are made mandatory by their contract. The contract contains a number of directives in Appendix E. Other directives become applicable via subsequent contract modifications.

Directives Review Process

A process agreed to and executed by the DOE Site Office and by JSA to review the ES&H requirements associated with the directives in Appendix E of the contract. The initial directive review resulted in the removal of existing requirements which were redundant with law or regulation, which did not add value commensurate with their cost of implementation, or which did not require any action on the part of contractors.

Director’s Command Staff (DCS)

A group of senior managers and subject-matter-experts that convenes when so recommended by the Facility Manager. This group advises the Director and coordinates and directs the emergency response from a central location away from the area of concern, if possible.

Disposition

An action to remove from current files.

Disposition standard

The retention period or length of time that records are kept.

Diversity

Using different technologies to implement each beam shutdown method.

Document

Information and its supporting medium, which can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or combination thereof. Jefferson Lab utilizes three separate categories of controlled documents:

· Class I – Reviewed and approved by the DOE/Jefferson Lab Site Office (TJSO) under contractual or regulatory requirements.

· Class II – Approved by the Laboratory Director and his designees.

· Class III – Address Risk Codes of > 2, or determine the actions of more than one work group, and are approved by affected management and, if applicable, Subject Matter Experts.

Document Hierarchy

Documentation⁽¹⁾

The act or process of substantiating by recording actions and/or decisions.

DocuShare

The Document Management System established at Jefferson Lab to facilitate the availability and retrieval of documents. This Document Management System is a searchable web-based content management system that allows users to employ a Web browser to store, view, edit, and share information with other users across the Internet.

DOE Contracting Officer (CO)

The person designated by the DOE as having DOE approval authority for matters pertaining to the Jefferson Lab contract.

DOE ES&H Program Manager (PM)

person designated by the DOE to have approval authority with the CO for matters pertaining to the WSS (Work Smart Standards) if there is a potential change in the level of protection in environment, safety, or health.

DOE Reportable Occurrence

Any unusual or unplanned event that has or could adversely affect public health, the performance, reliability, or safety of a facility, or the environment, as described in ES&H Manual Chapter 5300 Appendix T1 Occurrence Reporting to Department of Energy (DOE) and Notification Procedures. Reportable occurrences are classified by their potential for personal injury, environmental damage, and/or equipment loss. Additional information on the occurrence categorization process is available in DOE Manual 231.1-2.

Dose

The amount of energy imparted to matter, measured in units of rad or milliard (mrad); 1 rad = 1000 mrad.

Dose equivalent

The absorbed dose multiplied by a radiation weighting factor which accounts for the relative biological damage of the specific type of radiation, measured in units of rem or millirem (mrem); 1 rem = 1000 mrem.

Dose equivalent rate

Dose equivalent divided by the time period.

Dosimeter

An instrument used to determine the radiation dose a person has received.

E

Effective dose equivalent (HE)

The summation of the products of the dose equivalent received by specified tissues of the body (HT) and the appropriate weighting factor (wT)--that is, HE = wTHT. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and/or external to the body. For purposes of compliance with this part, deep dose equivalent to the whole body may be used as effective dose equivalent for external exposures. The effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert

effluent

Any treated or untreated air emission or liquid discharge, including stormwater runoff, at a site or facility.

Electrical Authority Having Jurisdiction (EAHJ)

An entity authorized by Jefferson Lab and approved by the Thomas Jefferson Site Office which makes decisions regarding relevant regulations, codes, and standards used to develop practices and procedures which protect both qualified and unqualified persons from exposure to a hazards associated with electrical work. This entity also reviews requests for clarifications, interpretations, or equivalencies to requirements; and grants exemptions where it is assured that equivalent safety is achieved by the deviation.

Electrical power distribution

The arrangement of feeders, transformer substations, electrical panelboards and circuit breakers that supply electrical power to end user connection point.

Electrical System

A term designating all equipment which delivers AC electrical power to permanently-connected loads, including the AC utilization equipment. This includes utility feeders, transformer substations, circuit breakers, busses and wiring, and electrical panel boards.

Electrically safe work condition

An equipment condition where sources of energy are removed, the disconnecting means is under one of the lock/tag/try methods, the absence of voltage is verified by an approved voltage testing device, and, where applicable, temporarily grounded. NFPA 70E Article 120 provides details.

Electronic

Pertaining to electrical circuits which use a variety of components (resistors, capacitors, conductors, etc.) to manipulate electrical signals and energy in a desired way. This does not include electrical distribution system equipment, but does include controllers and power supplies.

embedded laser

An enclosed laser with an assigned class number higher than the inherent capability of the laser system in which it is incorporated. When hazard ranking the laser, the system’s lower classification is appropriate due to the engineering features limiting accessible emission

Embryo/fetus

Developing human organism from conception until birth. Same as unborn child.

Emergency Management (EM)

Organized analysis, planning, decision-making, and assignment of available resources to mitigate (lessen the effect of or prevent), prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of all hazards. The goal of emergency management is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect property and the environment if an emergency occurs. See ES&H Manual Chapter 3510 Emergency Management or the Emergency Management website

Emergency responder

Trained, professional, emergency medical and fire-fighter personnel.

Emergency⁽¹⁾

An event, expected or unexpected, which places life and/or property in danger and requires an immediate response through the use of in-house and community resources and procedures.

Employee

(Synonym: Staff)

Any individual paid by JSA or the state, including students, full-time or part-time employees, and term or casual employees.

Employee exposure record

A record containing any of the following kinds of information: environmental (workplace) monitoring or measuring of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent; or biological monitoring results which directly assess the absorption of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent (including radiation) by body systems; or MSDSs indicating that the material may pose a hazard to human health; or a chemical inventory or other record that reveals where and when used and the identity of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent.

Employee medical record

A record concerning the health status of an employee which is made or maintained by a physician, nurse, or other health care worker. It includes medical and possibly employment questionnaires or histories, results of medical examinations and treatments, and employee medical complaints.

Enclosed laser

A laser contained within a protective housing of itself or of the laser system in which it is incorporated so that access to laser radiation above the MPE (maximum permissible exposure) limit is precluded. Opening, damaging, or removing the protective housing provides additional access than is possible with the protective housing in place and could expose workers to laser radiation above the applicable MPE. (An embedded laser is an example of one type of enclosed laser.)

Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP)

A document, approved by the Lab Director, that addresses the justification for doing Mode 3 manipulative work with the equipment energized. A Work Control Document must be developed and approved by the cognizant AD which includes a formal Task Hazard Analysis, hazard control boundaries, PPE, and specific steps to accomplish the task. Worker qualifications and any unusual aspects of the work must also be included.

energy-draining device

A physical device that channels the transmission or release of energy. (e.g.: grounding rods and vent valves ).

energy-isolating device

A mechanical device that prevents the transmission or release of energy. Circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and line valves are some examples of energy-isolating devices. Push buttons, selector switches and other control circuit type devices are not energy isolating devices.

Engineering controls

Measures designed to eliminate or reduce exposure to a physical hazard through the use of engineered machinery or equipment without active involvement of personnel.

Use of components and systems to reduce airborne radioactivity and the spread of contamination by using piping, containments, ventilation, filtration or shielding.

Entry

Occurs when any part of the body breaks the plane of a confined space opening.

Entry Supervisor

The individual who is responsible for: determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a PRCS when entry is planned; authorizing entry; overseeing entry operations; terminating entry. (Note that the entry supervisor is not necessarily the line supervisor. It may be anyone with the experience and training to perform the required duties.)

Environment

Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelations. Surroundings extend from within an organization to the global system.

Environmental Aspect

Any element of an organization’s activities, products, or services that interacts with the environment. This applies to impacts ranging from negligible to significant. Laying a new water line or hazardous waste disposal are two examples of aspects at Jefferson Lab.

Environmental baseline

The approved delineation of chemical, biological, physical, and radiological characteristics (that have been determined primarily through groundwater monitoring) that will represent the starting level to evaluate Jefferson Lab’s effect on the environment.

Environmental Impact

Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products, or services. Earth and flora disturbances or destruction from laying a water line are examples of impacts.

Environmental Management Procedure (EMP)

An SOP that documents the Lab’s EMS management procedures.

Environmental Management System (EMS)

The part of the overall management system that includes organization structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for developing, integrating, achieving, reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy; a continuing cycle of planning, implementing, evaluating, and improving processes and actions undertaken to achieve environmental goals.

Environmental monitoring

The use of instruments, systems, or special techniques to measure liquid, gaseous, and/or airborne effluents and contaminants.

Environmental performance measure

Measurable results of the EMS, related to an organization’s control of its environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy, objectives, and goals.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The federal agency that represents the executive department in protecting the nation’s environment. Their realm includes surface water, groundwater, land, geological resources and air resources. The EPA is involved in research and development, developing regulations, enforcing regulations, providing information, educating the nation, and investigating issues. (40 CFR series) http://www.epa.gov/

Environmental Surveillance

The all-encompassing act of monitoring the environment, measuring, collecting and analyzing samples of air, water, soil, foodstuffs, biota, and other media from DOE sites and their environs. Its purpose is to show that applicable standards are met, to assess radiation exposures to members of the public, and to assess effects, if any, on the environment.

environmentally harmful material (EHM)

Any material that could have a negative impact on the environment or public health, including EHSs, HSs, toxic chemicals, and more.

equipment

A general term used throughout this chapter to describe a mechanical or electrical machine or system that may require maintenance or repair.

ESH&Q Reporting Officer

The person with direct responsibility for categorizing and communicating all DOE reportable occurrences. This person is responsible for determining if incidents meet the ORPS reportability threshold, as well as the specific codes for severity and classification. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 2210 Appendix R1 Staff Assigned to ES&H Activities)

Essential Personnel

Those whose duties and responsibilities are essential in carrying out critical operations or who have key knowledge, skills, or access to resources necessary to protect other people and/or Lab property. The designation of Essential Personnel is made by the respective department director or group leader, and the list should be reviewed at least quarterly to ensure accuracy. Note that Essential designations may be different for different types of emergencies; more than one list may be appropriate.

Event (see also: Incident)

An undesired workplace incident that causes personal injury or illness, property or equipment damage, environmental occurrence, or disruption of operations.

Examination

The quality control functions performed by the manufacturer, fabricator, erector, or other parties authorized by Jefferson Lab which include nondestructive examinations such as visual, radiography, ultrasonic, eddy current, liquid penetrant, and magnetic particle methods.

Examiner

A person qualified and certified to perform examination duties.

Excavation

Digging, grading, tunneling, trenching, or drilling below grade, and installing stakes, rods, etc. to a depth greater than 6-inches. This includes penetrations of slabs on grade such as sidewalks and roads.

Excluded Vessels

Pressurized vessels which do not fall within the scope of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code. The ASME Code specifically excludes: Vessels having an internal or external operating pressure not exceeding 15 psi; Vessels having an inside diameter, width, height, or cross section diagonal not exceeding 6 inches; Machinery such as pumps, compressors, turbines, generators, and engines; Most piping systems or structures whose primary function is the transport of fluids from one location to another within a system of which they are an integral part; Vessels with a nominal water-containing capacity of 120 gal or less for containing water under pressure, including those containing air that is compressed to serve as a cushion; Hot water supply storage tanks heated by steam or any other indirect means, limited to 120 gallons, 210°F, and a heat input of 200,000 BTU/hr; Department of Transportation (DOT) regulated cylinders and dewars.

Exclusion area

An area to which no person is allowed access.

Exempt Vessel

A pressure or vacuum vessel designed such that the maximum differential pressure is always below 15 psi.

Experiment Operations Envelope (EOE)

a set of explicit operations limitations for a particular experiment for the purpose of ensuring safety due to ionizing radiation concerns and ensuring compliance with established DOE guidelines.

Experiment Safety Approval Form (ESAF)

Document prepared by the Lead Scientist of a User Group, it details all non-standard safety hazards associated with a User experiment. It is submitted after scientific approval of the experiment by the FEL Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) and assignment of beam time by the FEL Program Manager.

Experimental Safety Assessment Document (ESAD)

This document describes identified hazards of an experiment and the measures taken to eliminate, control or mitigate them. Particular attention must be paid to the analysis and evaluation of conditions that may pose special safety problems. It includes the Safety Analysis and reviews or defines the Safety Envelope for the equipment; it references the Radiation Safety Assessment Document (RSAD) which documents the experiment operations envelope and addresses ES&H issues associated with direct and induced radioactivity.

Exposure

Used loosely to describe the absorption, ingestion, or inhalation of radioactive material, or absorption of radiation emitted from external radiation sources (see exposure rate).

Exposure incident

Any contact with blood or other potentially infectious material that results from the performance of an employee’s duties, for example, a specific exposure involving eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, parenteral, or non-intact skin contact.

Exposure rate

The rate of exposure to external sources of ionizing radiation, usually measured in units of microRoentgen per hour (μR/hr). 1 Roentgen refers to the amount of photon radiation required to produce ions carrying 1 electrostatic unit of electrical charge (2.08 billion electrons) in 1 cubic centimeter of air at standard temperature and pressure.

External dose or exposure

That portion of the dose equivalent received from radiation sources outside the body (e.g., "external sources").

External standard invoked by law

A standard, generated by an organization other than JSA, where at least some of the provisions in the standard are required by a law or regulation.

External standard not invoked by law

A standard, generated by an organization other than JSA, where none of the provisions in the standard are required by a law or regulation. JSA may elect to use such a standard to further improve work processes or control hazards.

Extinguishing agent

Water, carbon dioxide, any of a number of dry powder chemicals, or other materials specifically approved for use in fire extinguishing systems.

Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS)

Any of 406 chemicals identified by the EPA to be potentially hazardous to life and health if released. If present on-site in quantities exceeding the regulated threshold planning quantity (TPQ)the facility shall notify local EPGs under EPCRA. EHSs are listed in 40 CFR 355 (Appendices A and B).

eyewash

Device used to irrigate and flush eyes exposed to a chemical substance. Performance requirements such as flow rates and distances to the eyewash are recommended by ANSI Standard Z358.1.

F

facility

a building, portable structure, its immediate site, and/or the characteristic operations and apparatus within it.

Facility Manager

The person with direct line responsibility for operation of Jefferson Lab, including authority to direct physical changes to a facility. The Facility Manager and his alternates are listed in ES&H Manual Chapter 5200 Event Investigation and Causal Analysis Process (See ES&H Manual Chapter 2210 Appendix R1 Staff Assigned to ES&H Activities)

Fail-safe interlock

A mechanism through which the failure of a single mechanical or electrical component of the interlock causes the laser system to go into, or remain in, a safe mode.

FEL Accelerator Physics Manager

responsible for design and operation of the accelerator for the FEL. The Manager plans and coordinates accelerator physics measurements and serves as the primary interface for any modifications, upgrades, etc., to the accelerator system.

FEL Operations Directives Supplement (FEL ODS)

Describe compliance with applicable guidelines, including operations policy, procedures, and documentation.

FEL Physics Advisory Committee (FEL PAC)

Advises the Jefferson Lab Director and the FEL Program Manager on the technical merit of a proposed user program.

FEL Technical Advisory Committee (FEL TAC)

Advises the FEL Facility Manager as to the feasibility and safety aspects of performing a proposed User program.

Ferromagnetic

Materials which are attracted by a magnet. A few materials, e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel, and alloys of these metals, have especially strong attraction properties.

Files custodian

The individual who creates and maintains a set of files.

Filler Metal

The metal or alloy to be added in making a welded, brazed, or soldered joint.

Final control element

An energy isolation device such as a contactor, relay, or switch used by the Safety Interlock System to remove power from a critical device or hazard producing equipment.

Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)

An electronic console that provides a visual indication of the system status and serves as a diagnostic point for connected circuits.

Fire classifications

Letter designations given to each of the major types of fires.

Fire detection system

An engineered system of devices that automatically detects heat, smoke, or other products of combustion and which actuates an alarm.

Fire extinguisher rating

An indication of which class or classes of fires a given extinguisher may be used against.

Fire suppression system

A mechanical system to detect a fire, actuate an alarm, and suppress the fire.

Fire watch

National Fire Protection Association – NFPA 101, Fire Watch states: “The assignment of a person or persons to an area for the sole purpose of notifying the fire department, the building occupants, or both of an emergency; preventing a fire from occurring; extinguishing small fires; or protecting the public from fire or life safety dangers.”

Fire-rated

The time, in minutes or hours, that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure in accordance with test procedures of NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.

Fires Class A

ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, cloth, and many plastics

fires Class B

flammable liquids such as oil, gasoline, paints, and solvents

fires Class C

electrical equipment and wiring

fires Class D

combustible metals such as magnesium and sodium

first aid

Any one-time treatment (and any follow-up visit for the purpose of observation) of minor scratches, cuts, burns, splinters, and so forth, which does not ordinarily require medical care. Such one-time treatment and follow-up are considered first aid even if provided by a physician or registered professional personnel.

First-line protection

The primary protective system provided to prevent physical contact with energized equipment. Covers, shielding and enclosures are examples of first-line protection.

Fit test

A test performed to ensure that a respirator will provide a minimum level of protection to the wearer.

Flame arrestor

A device which inhibits the propagation of a flame.

Flammable gas

Any gas or gas mixture that will ignite in a 13% or lower concentration with air at 14.7 psia and 68°F.

flammable liquid

Any liquid with a flash point below 100°F.

flammable solid

Any material, other than an explosive, liable to cause fires through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be readily ignited and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard.

Forklift Attachment

Any modification or addition to a forklift that affect its capacity, stability, or safe operation.

Functional requirements specification

Defines the application-specific requirements of a safety interlock system. These may include: 1) reliability requirements from the hazard analysis 2) definition of the safe state of the process, 3) process inputs to the safety interlock system and their set point and limit values, 4) response time, 5) human-machine interfaces, 6) safety interlock system outputs and their actions, 7) logic and math functions including any permissive required for proceeding, and 8) reliability requirements to minimize spurious trips.

G

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

The welding torch has a center consumable wire that maintains the arc as it melts into the weld puddle. (Also known as: Manual Inert Gas (MIG) welding.

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

The arc is established between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the work piece producing the heat to melt the abutting edges of the metal to be joined; filler rod may also be used. Argon or helium is fed to the annular space around the electrode to maintain the inert environment. (Also known as: tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding).

Gas-tight goggles

Goggles which do not have any pores for vapor infiltration and consequently may fog up.

Gauss (G)

Unit of measurement for magnetic flux density: 10,000 G = 1 Tesla (T).

General Employee Radiation Training (GERT)

The radiation safety awareness course required of everyone at Jefferson Lab who is not a radiation worker and does not take a more specialized Radiation Worker course. (See http://www.jlab.org/div_dept/train/)

Generator

Any person at Jefferson Lab whose act or process produces solid waste which qualifies as a regulated medical waste, or whose act first causes a solid waste to become a regulated medical waste.

Gestation period

The time from conception to birth, approximately 9 months.

Gray (Gy)

SI unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 joule per kilogram (100 rads).

Grinding

The act of sharpening, shaping, or removing metal via abrasion, often using hand held power tools.

Ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI)

A device that de-energizes a circuit when it detects an unsafe flow of current to ground. It protects people from electrical shock.

Grounding