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jost_func
Better method? 06/14/06
Here is the transparency after working on
the deuterium at all Q2 and carbon at the lowest Q2. The other
data points have not been adjusted for FSI.
It can be seen that the lowest Q2 deuterium and carbon nuclear
transparency is obviously wrong.
It seems that we need a new procedure to correcting for FSI.
Another idea may be to focus on the missmass distribution just below
the 2pi threshold.
carbon, lowest Q2.
One could use this region (where krel is large, and FSI effects are
small) and shift SIMC until it matches the data in this region.
Then the FSI parameterization would need to make the low missmass SIMC
distribution match the data.
However, I think that there are just too many unknowns with the low
missmass data. A cut should be used to select just the region
shown in the plot above. This is somewhat similar to the tight
delta cut method that was used in the past.
I found that the missmass cut could be lowered to 11.25 for carbon at
the lowest Q2. The hsdelta distribution looks good, and there is
still a small shift in mmx. This shift is smaller than without
the new missmass cut, and is similar to that seen with the fsi
parameterization in the entry below.

The transparency for carbon at the lowest Q2:
92.0% without FSI cut and no mm shifts
75.5% with missmass>11.25 GeV and no mm shifts
76.4% with missmass>11.275 GeV and no mm shifts
New parameterization 06/14/06
A new parameterization of the fsi weight
was used for the same carbon setting below (4acarbon). This
time, the fsi weight was allowed to go below zero for some krel, and
the minumum weight was 0.9.
alpha2 = 172.099
beta2 = -22.0
tmp2 = ben_krel-100.0
w2=(tmp2**2+beta2**2)/(tmp2**2+alpha2**2)
fsiweight= 1.0
>
+(0.06-0.00022*ben_krel)*ben_krel
>
*exp(-ben_krel/105.0)
>
+0.3*(1.0/w2 - 1.0)
Shown below is the function (0.06-0.00022*ben_krel)*ben_krel*exp(-ben_krel/105.0),
where the x axis is ben_krel in MeV.


Revisit after new Pauli blocking
prescription 06/14/06
The Jost function approach seems to work
well for deuterium now with delta = 0.5 for all settings.
alpha = 172.099
beta
= -7.9391
thjost2=(ben_krel**2+beta**2)/(ben_krel**2+alpha**2)
fsiweight=(1.0+0.5*(1.0/thjost2 - 1.0))
After talking to Dipangkar, I started to
search for an arbitrary parameterization of krel that would make the
SIMC mmx, missmass and hsdelta distributions match the
data. I found a function that seemed to make the simc
distributions match the data for carbon at the lowest Q2.

As it says in the title, the black histograms are the data, the green
histograms are SIMC without any normalization factor, and the red is
SIMC with an arbitrary normalization so that one can compare the SIMC
distribution to the data.
The first thing to notice is that there is a small peak in the data at
missmass approx 11.2 GeV. This kind of peak can easily be
produced with
a Jost function approach. However, the data peak is not
positioned at
the threshold missmass, which is where the Jost function peak is
located.
It was extremely difficult to get the missmass distributions to match at
the same time that the mmx distributions matched. I thought what
is
shown in the plots was a good compromise.
The green histograms indicate the enhancement of the SIMC yield, and so
the carbon transparency at the lowest Q2 will decrease significantly.
While adjusting the parameterization, I tried to minimize this
enhancement.
The parameterization for the fsi weight was a combination of two Jost
functions that were only a function of the relative momentum between the
recoiling neutron and the remaining nucleons. I shifted the
position of
the Jost function peaks by subtracting 100-200 MeV from the relative
momentum. NB krel is calculated here.
This is the parameterization for carbon
alpha1 = 172.099
beta1 = -30.0
alpha2 = 172.099
beta2 = -18.0
tmp1 = ben_krel-180.0
tmp2 = ben_krel-100.0
w1=(tmp1**2+beta1**2)/(tmp1**2+alpha1**2)
w2=(tmp2**2+beta2**2)/(tmp2**2+alpha2**2)
fsiweight= 1.0
>
+0.1*(1.0/w1 - 1.0)
>
+0.3*(1.0/w2 - 1.0)
Fitting the Jost function 04/27/06
The Jost function was fit again.
Two improvements have been made since the Jost function was last
fit. The Deuterium Pauli blocking was adusted so that krel/2 was
used in the condition, and the shifts in the hydrogen missing mass were
removed by fitting the data offsets.
Pauli blocking was turned on (deuterium) and delta in the Jost function
was fit
1.1 GeV2 delta
= 0.5
2.15 GeV2 delta =
2.9 ?
3.0 GeV2 delta = 5.5
?
4.0 GeV2 delta = 3.0
?
4.8 GeV2 delta = 0.5
Again, the black is the data, the green is SIMC and red is SIMC with an
arbitrary normalization. The top plots have no FSI weight, while
the bottom plots have the FSI weight. Settings with a "?" in the
links above could not be fit very well.
Other values for delta can be found here.
Jost function using unradiated spectra 04/14/06
In the plots below I attempt to fit delta
using the unradiated SIMC spectra for missing mass, hsdelta and
ssdelta. The adjustable parameter in the FSI weight, del (or
delta), was adjusted from 1.6 to 0.0.
4ald2_del_1.6
4ald2_del_1.5
4ald2_del_1.4
4ald2_del_1.3
4ald2_del_1.2
4ald2_del_1.1
4ald2_del_1.0
4ald2_del_0.9
4ald2_del_0.8
4ald2_del_0.6
4ald2_del_0.4
4ald2_del_0.2
4ald2_del_0.0
These plots are for the lowest Q2
deuterium setting. The idea is that plots on the left hand
side of each panel are used to determine the shift due to FSI.
The data (red) and SIMC with radiation (blue) show the size of the
shift to fit. This is written inside the histogram border.
The plots on the right hand side are SIMC without radiative
corrections, and without FSI weight (red) and with FSI weight
(blue). These show the size of the shift in the unradiated
spectra due to the FSI weight, and the shift is written inside the
histogram border. If delta is properly fit, the shift
written on the RHS will be equal to the shift on the LHS.
The green histograms do not really matter, but they show that the shift
was determined correctly by the optimization macro. The
optimization macro shifted each green histogram to match the red
histograms.
The enhancement factor due to the FSI weight is written at the top of
each panel, which is (simc yield with radiation, WITH fsi weight, NO
missmass
shift) divided by (simc yield with radiation, NO fsi weight and WITH
missmass
shift).
Only the missing mass is useful to determine the size of the shift due
to FSI. The other plots (hsdelta and ssdelta) do not have a clear
shift between data and simc.
In the blue plot on the top right of each panel, a small peak developes
near the two-neutron threshod in the missmass for delta>1.
This is due to large FSI weights for these events near threshold.
Values of delta to achieve a missing mass shift of 0.005 GeV in the unradiated spectra start at
delta=1.2. The small peak near the two-neutron threshold is
clearly visible and gets larger with increasing delta. So values
of delta larger than 1.2 do not seem realistic.
The enhancement factor for delta=1.2 is 1.65 ! Enhancement
factors for values of delta around 1.2 indicate that the uncertainty in
the enhancement factor could be large.
Jost function using unradiated spectra 04/13/06
The Jost function fitting (of the
parameter delta) was performed using the unradiated spectra. That
is, the rad flag was set to zero in simc, the the simc data was looked
at with and without the Jost function fsi weight. The target for
the missing mass histogram for the latter was to produce a missing mass
shift equal to that previously used to match the radiated simc with the
data.
So, the missing mass shift previously used to match the radiated simc
with the data for the lowest Q2 deuterium setting 4ald2, was 0.004 GeV.
I find that using the unradiated simc with and without the Jost
function fsi weight, and adjusting delta, a shift of 0.0004 GeV could
be achied with delta between 0.65 and 1.0. This is shown in the
plots below.
PLOTS
In both plots, red is simc without rad and without the Jost function
weight. The green hist in the top plot is simc, with the Jost
function weight, delta=1.0 and with a 0.004 GeV shift. The green
hist in the bottom plot is the same with delta = 0.65. Both green
hists have arbitrary normalization.
RESULTS for the lowest Q2 deuterium setting
Delta = 0.65, Yield (Jost/no Jost) = 1.34
Delta = 1.0 , Yield (Jost/no Jost) = 1.52

Radiated missing mass 04/12/06
After radiative corrections have been
applied, the definitions of the "Vertex" and "Orig" variables are at
this link.
At first it was thought that calculating the missing mass in
complete_ev using the "Vertex" variables was not correct, because the
vertex missing mass is
the missing mass of the struck nucleon and spectator nucleon/s assuming
there is no radiation.
"Vertex" missing mass (RHS are 4-vectors)
mm**2 =
(p_e + M_d - p_e' - p_pi' )^2
krel**2 = mm**2 - 4*M_neut**2 (for deuterium)
This is partly true, because Vertex.Ein
is actually the beam energy on the first pass through
complete_ev. However, complete_ev is called a second time after
radiative corrections have been perfomed in radc.f.
On the second pass through complete_ev, vertex.Ein was set correctly (
at least according to the diagram in link above), and the old value of
krel was overwritten with the correct value. It was this new
krel that was in the ntuple.
So, even though the missing mass of the struck nucleon and spectator nucleon/s
can be written as
New "Orig" missing mass (RHS are
4-vectors)
mm**2 =
(p_e_orig + M_d - p_e'_orig - p_pi'_orig - p_gamma(1) - p_gamma(2)
-p_gamma(3) )**2
krel**2
= mm**2 - 4*M_neut**2 (for deuterium)
This is equivalent to the method using the "Vertex" variables.
I printed out
the "Vertex" missing mass and the New "Orig" missing mass to the screen
and ran simc. The two values were the same for many screens of
events. I also checked plots of the two versions of the
missmass. When I superimposed these plots, they overlap.
My conlcusion is that there is no difference between the two approaches
in calculating krel. Either the vertex missmass or the New Orig
missmass can be used.

Threshold events 04/11/06
The problem with events near threshold
(missing mass of the two-neutron system close to 2*M_n) was described
in 04/10/06, below. This is a problem for the lowest Q^2 setting
for deuterium.
The reason why events near threshold are being reconstructed at larger
missing mass is due to the tail from radiation. All of the plots
below come from SIMC ntuples.
The first plot has acceptance cuts, includes the ntuple Weight
variable, and a cut on the vertex missing mass
abs([vertexmm]-1.89)<0.011.
So, these events have the vertex missing mass very close to threshold.
Using these cuts, I plotted the reconstructed missing mass. The
black hist is with all the physics included. As you can see,
there is the problem of events near threshold being reconstructed at
larger missing mass.
The red hist has only the radiation turned off.
The light blue hist has radiation, decay, eloss, resolution turned
off. At this point, the reconstructed missing mass is the same as
the vertex missing mass for all events.

The improvement across all missing mass with the radiation turned off
can be seen in the panel below. The first plot has all the
physics, while the secon plot has only radiation turned off.

Investigation of the increased SIMC
yield 04/10/06
As noted in the entry below (04/08/06),
the SIMC yield for deuterium is very sensitive to the value of del, and
the yield increased by a very large amount at the best value of
del=1.4. This will have a large impact on the transparency.
The panel below contains four plots from the SIMC ntuple for deuterium
at Q2=1.1 GeV2. There are no plots of experimental data.
At first I found out what is causing events with large Jost function
weight. This is shown in the first plot in the panel below.
The black points are the Jost function fsi weight vs. the reconstructed
(nuclear) missing mass. The red line is the Jost function fsi
weight vs. the vertex missing mass. The fsi weight becomes very
large near the single pion threshold at 2*M_n because the Jost function
weight approaches alpha**2/beta**2, which is greater than 400! At
the single pion threshold, krel=0, and the struck nucleon and spectator
neutron has no relative momentum.
We can now see that the almost doubled simc yield
across all the
reconstructed missing mass is due to events that were near threshold at
the vertex were reconstructed at larger missing mass (due to eloss
and/or resolution). I then attempted to find where these events
were coming from, and this is shown in the remaining three plots in the
panel.
I made a cut to select a small reconstructed missing mass region (green
area in the first plot). These can be called the problematic
events. The good + problematic events were selected by extending
the thin green area all the way down to the x axis. In the
remaining three plots, the red histograms are the problematic events,
while the black is the good + problematic events. "E missing" is
E_beam - E_SOS - E_HMS.
The variables in these remaining three plots (E missing, t, and E
missing vs. t) were the best variables I could find that showed a
different distribution between the red and black histograms. This
does not really help explain where these problematic events come from,
nor does it help us with a cut that we can apply to both the data and
simc to remove these problematic events.

One more thing, below are plots of the reconstructed missing mass minus
the vertex missing mass. The first plot shows the good+problematic
events using the same cut, while the red histogram is just the
problematic events. This shows that events in this narrow region
of the reconstructed missing mass has a positive slope after the
peak. The bottom plot is the reconstructed missing mass minus the
vertex missing mass for the whole acceptance.

Missing mass shifts using the Jost
function 04/08/06
The new variable ben_krel was added to
the SIMC ntuple and used in the Jost function, with
alpha = 172.099 MeV
beta = -7.9391
MeV
J(krel)**2
= (ben_krel**2+beta**2)/(ben_krel**2+alpha**2)
These values of alpha and beta were in a
fortran program given to me by Tanja, and correspond to r_e = 2.19 fm
and a = +23.71 fm.
These are somewhat similar (although with a sign problem) to the
Yamaguchi values in Dubach et al. Phys. Rev. C 33 (1986) 373; r_e = 2.15 fm and a = -23.69 fm.
If, instead, beta is changed to +7.9391 MeV, which has no effect on the
Jost function, then we obtain r_e = 2.40 fm and a = -23.71 fm, which
are the same as those given in Phillips and Harwell Nucl. Phys. 53
(1964) 650. In this paper, the effective range and scattering
length for the neutron-neutron interaction are r_e = 2.40 fm and a=
-23.69 fm.
The
weight applied event-by-event was (see Dave's thesis pg 155)
fsiweight=1.0 + del * ((A-1.0)**2) * (1.0/J**2 - 1.0)
The variable "del" was adjusted by hand until the missing mass peak in
SIMC had the same shape as the data. SIMC was given an arbitrary
normalization when matching the peaks. For deuterium, it was
found that a value of del=1.4 provided a reasonable match at all
kinematic settings.
In the panel below, the fitting for deuterium at Q^2 = 1.1 GeV^2 is
shown. Pauli blocking with the Fantoni occupation number was used
for all SIMC plots. In the top plot, the experimental data is
shown in black and SIMC without the Jost function FSI, normalization or
missing mass shifts is shown in green. The same SIMC data except
with an arbitrary normalization is shown in red. The
normalization is chosen to make the data and SIMC peaks around the same
height, although its value is set by hand.
In the bottom plot of the same panel, the Jost function FSI was turned
on, and delta was adjusted until the red histogram matched the
data. For this fit, del = 1.4. The green histogram, which
is the SIMC data without the arbitrary normalization increased
significantly. This means that Yield_SIMC for deuterium at
Q^2=1.1 GeV^2 is going to increase, and the transparency will go down.

The panels for all the Deuterium
kinematic
settings. del = 1.4
I also tried to fit a value for delta for Carbon with little
success. del = 0.001
Corrected krel 04/06/06
I found some mistakes in the calculation
of krel.
In Dave's approximation for He-3, also shown in the entry on 04/02/06
below
krelx = vertex.Pmx + 1.5*pferx*pfer
krely = vertex.Pmy + 1.5*pfery*pfer
krelz = vertex.Pmz + 1.5*pferz*pfer
Should be
krelx = vertex.Pmx - 1.5*pferx*pfer
krely = vertex.Pmy - 1.5*pfery*pfer
krelz = vertex.Pmz - 1.5*pferz*pfer
I worked out that this krel is in the LAB
frame and is the relative momentum between the ejected nucleon and a
spectator nucleon. However, krel for deuterium was calculed in
the cm frame, so this equation for He-3 is an approximation assuming
the lab frame is the same as the cm.
So, there is a mistake in the formula I gave in 04/02/06 below, for
ben_krel (this was the relative momentum between the ejected nucleon
and the residual nucleus). Using my method again, the relative
momentum between the ejected nucleon and a spectator
nucleon in the cm frame is
!targ.m =
mass of the initial target nuclei [MeV]
!targ.Mrec_struck
= mass of the nucleon ejected from the nuclei (939.56563 for the
neutron)
!targ.mrec
= mass of the residual A-1 nucleus
ben_krel=
-2.0*targ.Mrec_struck**2
ben_krel=ben_krel+(MM**2 - targ.Mrec_struck**2 - targ.mrec**2)/(targ.A
- 1.0)
ben_krel=sqrt(max(0.d0,ben_krel))
These equations are derived here.
Plot of my corrected krel vs.
Dave's original krel (For He-3)
Plot of my corrected krel
vs. corrected Dave's krel (For He-3)
krel 04/02/06
The variable "krel" was already included
in Tanja's version of event.f (Dave's approzimation for He-3)
if (doing_deutpi ) then
MM = sqrt(max(0.d0,vertex.Emiss**2-vertex.Pmiss**2))
krel = sqrt( max(0.d0,MM**2-4.*targ.Mrec_struck**2) )
else if (doing_hepi ) then
MM = sqrt(max(0.d0,vertex.Emiss**2-vertex.Pmiss**2))
krelx = vertex.Pmx + 1.5*pferx*pfer
krely = vertex.Pmy + 1.5*pfery*pfer
krelz = vertex.Pmz + 1.5*pferz*pfer
krel = sqrt(krelx**2+krely**2+krelz**2)
if(vertex.Em.lt.6.0) krel = -krel
endif
ntup.krel = krel
Using my calculation of krel (see below
on 04/01/06), I came up with this version of krel
ben_krel =
(targ.mrec**2-targ.Mrec_struck**2)**2
ben_krel =
ben_krel/(MM**2+0.00000001)
ben_krel =
ben_krel-2.0*(targ.mrec**2+targ.Mrec_struck**2)
ben_krel =
ben_krel+MM**2
ben_krel =
sqrt(max(0.d0,ben_krel))
This has the nice feature of reducing to
krel = sqrt( max(0.d0,MM**2-4.*targ.Mrec_struck**2) )
when the target is deuterium.
However, when I plot ben_krel vs. krel for he-3 (top plot) and carbon
(bottom plot), there is
almost no correlation. NB kreli is actually ntup.krel.

Jost function 04/01/06 (rev. 04/09/06)
The Jost function prescription will be used to describe final-state
interactions of the outgoing neutron with the residual
nucleon/s. That is N-N final-state interactions,
which is different from the pi-N final state interactions.
Some
background material:
Dave's thesis, pp 150-156
Review article by R. G. Newton, J. Math. Phys. Vol 1, pg 319 (1960)
Dubach et al., Phys. Rev. C, Vol 33, pg 373 (1986)
No Coulomb corrections to N-N FSI are needed because only pi+ data was
taken in this experiment. The FSI is therefore between a neutron
and the residual nucleon/s.
Derivation of krel for deuterium and
A>2. NB see correction above (04/06/06)
Derivation of 1/|J|**2 using the form of the
Jost function in Dubach et al. Nb, p == krel.