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jost_func

Better method? 06/14/06

Here is the transparency after working on the deuterium at all Q2 and carbon at the lowest Q2.  The other data points have not been adjusted for FSI.
Transparency plot

It can be seen that the lowest Q2 deuterium and carbon nuclear transparency is obviously wrong. 

It seems that we need a new procedure to correcting for FSI.  Another idea may be to focus on the missmass distribution just below the 2pi threshold.
   carbon, lowest Q2.

One could use this region (where krel is large, and FSI effects are small) and shift SIMC until it matches the data in this region.  Then the FSI parameterization would need to make the low missmass SIMC distribution match the data.

However, I think that there are just too many unknowns with the low missmass data.  A cut should be used to select just the region shown in the plot above.  This is somewhat similar to the tight delta cut method that was used in the past.

I found that the missmass cut could be lowered to 11.25 for carbon at the lowest Q2.  The hsdelta distribution looks good, and there is still a small shift in mmx.  This shift is smaller than without the new missmass cut, and is similar to that seen with the fsi parameterization in the entry below. 



The transparency for carbon at the lowest Q2:
92.0% without FSI cut and no mm shifts
75.5% with missmass>11.25 GeV and no mm shifts
76.4% with missmass>11.275 GeV and no mm shifts



New parameterization 06/14/06

A new parameterization of the fsi weight was used for the same carbon setting below (4acarbon).   This time, the fsi weight was allowed to go below zero for some krel, and the minumum weight was 0.9.  
               alpha2 = 172.099
               beta2 = -22.0
               tmp2 = ben_krel-100.0
               w2=(tmp2**2+beta2**2)/(tmp2**2+alpha2**2)
               fsiweight= 1.0
     >              +(0.06-0.00022*ben_krel)*ben_krel
     >              *exp(-ben_krel/105.0)
     >              +0.3*(1.0/w2 - 1.0)

Shown below is the function
(0.06-0.00022*ben_krel)*ben_krel*exp(-ben_krel/105.0), where the x axis is ben_krel in MeV.

 



Revisit after new Pauli blocking prescription 06/14/06

The Jost function approach seems to work well for deuterium now with delta = 0.5 for all settings. 
            alpha = 172.099
            beta = -7.9391
            thjost2=(ben_krel**2+beta**2)/(ben_krel**2+alpha**2)
            fsiweight=(1.0+0.5*(1.0/thjost2 - 1.0))

After talking to Dipangkar, I started to search for an arbitrary parameterization of krel that would make the SIMC mmx, missmass and hsdelta distributions match the data.   I found a function that seemed to make the simc distributions match the data for carbon at the lowest Q2. 

As it says in the title, the black histograms are the data, the green histograms are SIMC without any normalization factor, and the red is SIMC with an arbitrary normalization so that one can compare the SIMC distribution to the data. 

The first thing to notice is that there is a small peak in the data at
missmass approx 11.2 GeV.  This kind of peak can easily be produced with
a Jost function approach.  However, the data peak is not positioned at
the threshold missmass,  which is where the Jost function peak is located.

It was extremely difficult to get the missmass distributions to match at
the same time that the mmx distributions matched.  I thought what is
shown in the plots was a good compromise.

The green histograms indicate the enhancement of the SIMC yield, and so
the carbon transparency at the lowest Q2 will decrease significantly.
While adjusting the parameterization, I tried to minimize this enhancement.

The parameterization for the fsi weight was a combination of two Jost
functions that were only a function of the relative momentum between the
recoiling neutron and the remaining nucleons.  I shifted the position of
the Jost function peaks by subtracting 100-200 MeV from the relative
momentum.  NB
krel  is calculated here.

This is the parameterization for carbon
                alpha1 = 172.099
                beta1 = -30.0
                alpha2 = 172.099
                beta2 = -18.0
                tmp1 = ben_krel-180.0
                tmp2 = ben_krel-100.0
                w1=(tmp1**2+beta1**2)/(tmp1**2+alpha1**2)
                w2=(tmp2**2+beta2**2)/(tmp2**2+alpha2**2)
                fsiweight= 1.0
      >              +0.1*(1.0/w1 - 1.0)
      >              +0.3*(1.0/w2 - 1.0)





Fitting the Jost function 04/27/06

The Jost function was fit again.  Two improvements have been made since the Jost function was last fit.  The Deuterium Pauli blocking was adusted so that krel/2 was used in the condition, and the shifts in the hydrogen missing mass were removed by fitting the data offsets.

Pauli blocking was turned on (deuterium) and delta in the Jost function was fit
1.1 GeV2   delta = 0.5
2.15 GeV2  delta = 2.9 ?
3.0 GeV2  delta = 5.5 ?
4.0 GeV2  delta = 3.0 ?
4.8 GeV2  delta = 0.5

Again, the black is the data, the green is SIMC and red is SIMC with an arbitrary normalization.  The top plots have no FSI weight, while the bottom plots have the FSI weight.  Settings with a "?" in the links above could not be fit very well.

Other values for delta can be found here.

Jost function using unradiated spectra 04/14/06

In the plots below I attempt to fit delta using the unradiated SIMC spectra for missing mass, hsdelta and ssdelta.  The adjustable parameter in the FSI weight, del (or delta), was adjusted from 1.6 to 0.0.
4ald2_del_1.6
4ald2_del_1.5
4ald2_del_1.4
4ald2_del_1.3
4ald2_del_1.2
4ald2_del_1.1
4ald2_del_1.0
4ald2_del_0.9
4ald2_del_0.8
4ald2_del_0.6
4ald2_del_0.4
4ald2_del_0.2
4ald2_del_0.0

These plots are for the lowest Q2 deuterium setting.   The idea is that plots on the left hand side of each panel are used to determine the shift due to FSI.  The data (red) and SIMC with radiation (blue) show the size of the shift to fit.  This is written inside the histogram border.  The plots on the right hand side are SIMC without radiative corrections, and without FSI weight (red) and with FSI weight (blue).  These show the size of the shift in the unradiated spectra due to the FSI weight, and the shift is written inside the histogram border.  If delta is properly  fit, the shift written on the RHS will be equal to the shift on the LHS.

The green histograms do not really matter, but they show that the shift was determined correctly by the optimization macro.  The optimization macro shifted each green histogram to match the red histograms.

The enhancement factor due to the FSI weight is written at the top of each panel, which is (simc yield with radiation, WITH fsi weight, NO missmass shift) divided by (simc yield with radiation, NO fsi weight and WITH missmass shift).

Only the missing mass is useful to determine the size of the shift due to FSI.  The other plots (hsdelta and ssdelta) do not have a clear shift between data and simc.

In the blue plot on the top right of each panel, a small peak developes near the two-neutron threshod in the missmass for delta>1.  This is due to large FSI weights for these events near threshold.

Values of delta to achieve a missing mass shift
of 0.005 GeV in the unradiated spectra start at delta=1.2.  The small peak near the two-neutron threshold is clearly visible and gets larger with increasing delta.  So values of delta larger than 1.2 do not seem realistic.

The enhancement factor for delta=1.2 is 1.65 !  Enhancement factors for values of delta around 1.2 indicate that the uncertainty in the enhancement factor could be large.

Jost function using unradiated spectra 04/13/06

The Jost function fitting (of the parameter delta) was performed using the unradiated spectra.  That is, the rad flag was set to zero in simc, the the simc data was looked at with and without the Jost function fsi weight.  The target for the missing mass histogram for the latter was to produce a missing mass shift equal to that previously used to match the radiated simc with the data.

So, the missing mass shift previously used to match the radiated simc with the data for the lowest Q2 deuterium setting 4ald2, was 0.004 GeV.

I find that using the unradiated simc with and without the Jost function fsi weight, and adjusting delta, a shift of 0.0004 GeV could be achied with delta between 0.65 and 1.0.  This is shown in the plots below. 

PLOTS
In both plots, red is simc without rad and without the Jost function weight.  The green hist in the top plot is simc, with the Jost function weight, delta=1.0 and with a 0.004 GeV shift.  The green hist in the bottom plot is the same with delta = 0.65.  Both green hists have arbitrary normalization.

RESULTS for the lowest Q2 deuterium setting
Delta = 0.65,   Yield (Jost/no Jost) = 1.34
Delta = 1.0  ,  
Yield (Jost/no Jost) = 1.52




Radiated missing mass 04/12/06

After radiative corrections have been applied, the definitions of the "Vertex" and "Orig" variables are at this link

At first it was thought that calculating the missing mass in complete_ev using the "Vertex" variables was not correct, because the vertex missing mass is the missing mass of the struck nucleon and spectator nucleon/s assuming there is no radiation.

"Vertex" missing mass (RHS are 4-vectors)
mm**2 = (p_e + M_d - p_e' - p_pi' )^2
krel**2 = mm**2 - 4*M_neut**2    (for deuterium)  


This is partly true, because Vertex.Ein is actually the beam energy on the first pass through complete_ev.  However, complete_ev is called a second time after radiative corrections have been perfomed in radc.f. 

On the second pass through complete_ev, vertex.Ein was set correctly ( at least according to the diagram in link above), and the old value of krel was overwritten with the correct value.  It was this new krel that was in the ntuple.

So, even though the missing mass of the
struck nucleon and spectator nucleon/s can be written as

New "Orig" missing mass (RHS are 4-vectors)
mm**2 = (p_e_orig + M_d - p_e'_orig - p_pi'_orig - p_gamma(1) - p_gamma(2) -p_gamma(3) )**2
krel**2 = mm**2 - 4*M_neut**2    (for deuterium)

This is equivalent to the method using the "Vertex" variables.

I printed out the "Vertex" missing mass and the New "Orig" missing mass to the screen and ran simc.  The two values were the same for many screens of events.  I also checked plots of the two versions of the missmass.  When I superimposed these plots, they overlap.

My conlcusion is that there is no difference between the two approaches in calculating krel.  Either the vertex missmass or the New Orig missmass can be used.



Threshold events 04/11/06

The problem with events near threshold (missing mass of the two-neutron system close to 2*M_n) was described in 04/10/06, below.  This is a problem for the lowest Q^2 setting for deuterium.

The reason why events near threshold are being reconstructed at larger missing mass is due to the tail from radiation.  All of the plots below come from SIMC ntuples.

The first plot has acceptance cuts, includes the ntuple Weight variable, and a cut on the vertex missing mass abs([vertexmm]-1.89)<0.011.

So, these events have the vertex missing mass very close to threshold.

Using these cuts, I plotted the reconstructed missing mass.  The black hist is with all the physics included.  As you can see, there is the problem of events near threshold being reconstructed at larger missing mass.

The red hist has only the radiation turned off.

The light blue hist has radiation, decay, eloss, resolution turned off.  At this point, the reconstructed missing mass is the same as the vertex missing mass for all events.


The improvement across all missing mass with the radiation turned off can be seen in the panel below.  The first plot has all the physics, while the secon plot has only radiation turned off.



Investigation of the increased SIMC yield 04/10/06

As noted in the entry below (04/08/06), the SIMC yield for deuterium is very sensitive to the value of del, and the yield increased by a very large amount at the best value of del=1.4.  This will have a large impact on the transparency.

The panel below contains four plots from the SIMC ntuple for deuterium at Q2=1.1 GeV2.  There are no plots of experimental data.

At first I found out what is causing events with large Jost function weight.  This is shown in the first plot in the panel below.  The black points are the Jost function fsi weight vs. the reconstructed (nuclear) missing mass.  The red line is the Jost function fsi weight vs. the vertex missing mass.  The fsi weight becomes very large near the single pion threshold at 2*M_n because the Jost function weight approaches alpha**2/beta**2, which is greater than 400!  At the single pion threshold, krel=0, and the struck nucleon and spectator neutron has no relative momentum.

We can now see that the almost doubled simc yield across all the reconstructed missing mass is due to events that were near threshold at the vertex were reconstructed at larger missing mass (due to eloss and/or resolution).  I then attempted to find where these events were coming from, and this is shown in the remaining three plots in the panel. 

I made a cut to select a small reconstructed missing mass region (green area in the first plot).  These can be called the problematic events.  The good + problematic events were selected by extending the thin green area all the way down to the x axis.  In the remaining three plots, the red histograms are the problematic events, while the black is the good + problematic events.  "E missing" is E_beam - E_SOS - E_HMS.

The variables in these remaining three plots (E missing, t, and E missing vs. t) were the best variables I could find that showed a different distribution between the red and black histograms.  This does not really help explain where these problematic events come from, nor does it help us with a cut that we can apply to both the data and simc to remove these problematic events.



One more thing, below are plots of the reconstructed missing mass minus the vertex missing mass. The first plot shows the good+problematic events using the same cut, while the red histogram is just the problematic events.  This shows that events in this narrow region of the reconstructed missing mass has a positive slope after the peak.  The bottom plot is
the reconstructed missing mass minus the vertex missing mass for the whole acceptance.





Missing mass shifts using the Jost function 04/08/06

The new variable ben_krel was added to the SIMC ntuple and used in the Jost function, with
         alpha = 172.099 MeV
         beta =  -7.9391 MeV
J(krel)**2 = (ben_krel**2+beta**2)/(ben_krel**2+alpha**2)
These values of alpha and beta were in a fortran program given to me by Tanja, and correspond to r_e = 2.19 fm and a = +23.71 fm.
 
These are somewhat similar (although with a sign problem) to the Yamaguchi values in Dubach et al. Phys. Rev. C 33 (1986) 373;
r_e = 2.15 fm and a = -23.69 fm.

If, instead, beta is changed to +
7.9391 MeV, which has no effect on the Jost function, then we obtain r_e = 2.40 fm and a = -23.71 fm, which are the same as those given in Phillips and Harwell Nucl. Phys. 53 (1964) 650.  In this paper, the effective range and scattering length for the neutron-neutron interaction are r_e = 2.40 fm and a= -23.69 fm.

The weight applied event-by-event was (see Dave's thesis pg 155)
fsiweight=1.0 + del * ((A-1.0)**2) * (1.0/J**2 - 1.0)

The variable "del" was adjusted by hand until the missing mass peak in SIMC had the same shape as the data.  SIMC was given an arbitrary normalization when matching the peaks.  For deuterium, it was found that a value of del=1.4 provided a reasonable match at all kinematic settings.

In the panel below, the fitting for deuterium at Q^2 = 1.1 GeV^2 is shown.  Pauli blocking with the Fantoni occupation number was used for all SIMC plots.  In the top plot, the experimental data is shown in black and SIMC without the Jost function FSI, normalization or missing mass shifts is shown in green.  The same SIMC data except with an arbitrary normalization is shown in red.  The normalization is chosen to make the data and SIMC peaks around the same height, although its value is set by hand. 

In the bottom plot of the same panel, the Jost function FSI was turned on, and delta was adjusted until the red histogram matched the data.  For this fit, del = 1.4.  The green histogram, which is the SIMC data without the arbitrary normalization increased significantly.  This means that Yield_SIMC for deuterium at Q^2=1.1 GeV^2 is going to increase, and the transparency will go down.



The panels for all the
Deuterium kinematic settings.  del = 1.4

I also tried to fit a value for delta for Carbon with little success.  del = 0.001


Corrected krel 04/06/06

I found some mistakes in the calculation of krel. 

In Dave's approximation for He-3, also shown in the entry on 04/02/06 below
	  krelx = vertex.Pmx + 1.5*pferx*pfer
krely = vertex.Pmy + 1.5*pfery*pfer
krelz = vertex.Pmz + 1.5*pferz*pfer
Should be
	  krelx = vertex.Pmx - 1.5*pferx*pfer
krely = vertex.Pmy - 1.5*pfery*pfer
krelz = vertex.Pmz - 1.5*pferz*pfer
I worked out that this krel is in the LAB frame and is the relative momentum between the ejected nucleon and a spectator nucleon.  However, krel for deuterium was calculed in the cm frame, so this equation for He-3 is an approximation assuming the lab frame is the same as the cm.

So, there is a mistake in the formula I gave in 04/02/06 below, for ben_krel (this was the relative momentum between the ejected nucleon and the residual nucleus).  Using my method again, the relative momentum between
the ejected nucleon and a spectator nucleon in the cm frame is
!targ.m = mass of the initial target nuclei [MeV]
!targ.Mrec_struck = mass of the nucleon ejected from the nuclei (939.56563 for the neutron)
!targ.mrec = mass of the residual A-1 nucleus
    ben_krel= -2.0*targ.Mrec_struck**2
    ben_krel=ben_krel+(MM**2 - targ.Mrec_struck**2 - targ.mrec**2)/(targ.A - 1.0)
    ben_krel=sqrt(max(0.d0,ben_krel))


These equations are derived here.

Plot of my corrected krel vs. Dave's original krel   (For He-3)
Plot of my corrected krel vs. corrected Dave's krel   (For He-3)



krel 04/02/06

The variable "krel" was already included in Tanja's version of event.f (Dave's approzimation for He-3)
	if (doing_deutpi ) then
MM = sqrt(max(0.d0,vertex.Emiss**2-vertex.Pmiss**2))
krel = sqrt( max(0.d0,MM**2-4.*targ.Mrec_struck**2) )
else if (doing_hepi ) then
MM = sqrt(max(0.d0,vertex.Emiss**2-vertex.Pmiss**2))
krelx = vertex.Pmx + 1.5*pferx*pfer
krely = vertex.Pmy + 1.5*pfery*pfer
krelz = vertex.Pmz + 1.5*pferz*pfer
krel = sqrt(krelx**2+krely**2+krelz**2)
if(vertex.Em.lt.6.0) krel = -krel
endif
ntup.krel = krel
Using my calculation of krel (see below on 04/01/06), I came up with this version of krel
    ben_krel = (targ.mrec**2-targ.Mrec_struck**2)**2
    ben_krel = ben_krel/(MM**2+0.00000001)
    ben_krel = ben_krel-2.0*(targ.mrec**2+targ.Mrec_struck**2)
    ben_krel = ben_krel+MM**2
    ben_krel = sqrt(max(0.d0,ben_krel))


This has the nice feature of reducing to 
krel = sqrt( max(0.d0,MM**2-4.*targ.Mrec_struck**2) )
when the target is deuterium.

However, when I plot ben_krel vs. krel for he-3 (top plot) and carbon (bottom plot), there is almost no correlation.  NB kreli is actually ntup.krel.



Jost function 04/01/06 (rev. 04/09/06)


The Jost function prescription will be used to describe final-state interactions of the outgoing neutron with the residual nucleon/s.    That is N-N final-state interactions, which is different from the pi-N final state interactions.

Some background material:
Dave's thesis, pp 150-156
Review article by R. G. Newton, J. Math. Phys. Vol 1, pg 319 (1960)
Dubach et al., Phys. Rev. C, Vol 33, pg 373 (1986)

No Coulomb corrections to N-N FSI are needed because only pi+ data was taken in this experiment.  The FSI is therefore between a neutron and the residual nucleon/s.

Derivation of krel for deuterium and A>2.  NB see correction above (04/06/06)

Derivation of 1/|J|**2 using the form of the Jost function in Dubach et al.  Nb, p == krel.