%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% 
%%  File: ksuthesis.cls
%
%
% Copied the College of William & Mary thesis template written by Paul M. King 
%and modified by Andrew J. Norman for the same college
% and appropriated for the Kent State University thesis requirement 
% by Ramesh Raj Subedi (Dec 2006).
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% 
%%  This file was generated from the file `book.cls'.
%% 
%% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{ksuthesis-play2}[2006/12/12 v1.0 Kent State Universitiy]
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


% The following environment was added (by Ramesh) only for writing a matrix
% Notation for vectors, matrices, estimates, random variables and sample means
\newcommand{\vect}{\boldsymbol}
\newcommand{\matr}{\boldsymbol}
\newcommand{\est}{\widehat}
\newcommand{\random}{\widetilde}
\newcommand{\mean}{\overline}

% Define Probability, Expectation, Variance, Covariance, Median, Mode
\renewcommand{\Pr}{\mbox{$\mathsf P$}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mbox{$\mathsf E$}}
\newcommand{\Var}{\mbox{$\mathcal V$}}
\newcommand{\Cov}{\mbox{$\mathcal C$}}
\newcommand{\median}{\mbox{median\,}}
\newcommand{\mode}{\mbox{mode\,}}

\newcommand{\half}{\mbox{$\frac{1}{2}$}}

% Define some common bold symbols
\newcommand{\greekbold}{\boldsymbol}
\newcommand{\balpha}{\mbox{$\greekbold\alpha$}}
\newcommand{\bbeta}{\mbox{$\greekbold\beta$}}
\newcommand{\bdelta}{\mbox{$\greekbold\delta$}}
\newcommand{\bgamma}{\mbox{$\greekbold\gamma$}}
\newcommand{\BGamma}{\mbox{$\greekbold\Gamma$}}
\newcommand{\BDelta}{\mbox{$\greekbold\Delta$}}
\newcommand{\beeta}{\mbox{$\greekbold\eta$}}
\newcommand{\btheta}{\mbox{$\greekbold\theta$}}
\newcommand{\bkappa}{\mbox{$\greekbold\kappa$}}
\newcommand{\blambda}{\mbox{$\greekbold\lambda$}}
\newcommand{\BLambda}{\mbox{$\greekbold\Lambda$}}
\newcommand{\bmu}{\mbox{$\greekbold\mu$}}
\newcommand{\bnu}{\mbox{$\greekbold\nu$}}
\newcommand{\bpi}{\mbox{$\greekbold\pi$}}
\newcommand{\BSigma}{\mbox{$\greekbold\Sigma$}}
\newcommand{\btau}{\mbox{$\greekbold\tau$}}
\newcommand{\bpsi}{\mbox{$\greekbold\psi$}}
\newcommand{\BPsi}{\mbox{$\greekbold\Psi$}}

% Define transpose for matrix theory
\newcommand{\transpose}{\text{${}^{\text{T}}$}}
\newcommand{\tr}{\text{${}^{\text{T}}$}}
% The above environment was added (by Ramesh)  only for writing a matrix
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\@ptsize{}
\newcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1}
\newcommand{\@defaultparindent}{2em}
\newcommand{\@defaultrightskip}{\z@}
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@draftdate \@draftdatefalse
\newif\if@titlepage
\@titlepagetrue
\newif\if@openbib
\@openbibfalse
\newif\if@openright
\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
\newif\if@firstmain
\newif\if@appmatter
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\if@compatibility\else
\DeclareOption{a4paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {210mm}}
\DeclareOption{a5paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {210mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {148mm}}
\DeclareOption{b5paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {250mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {176mm}}
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}}
\DeclareOption{legalpaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}}
\DeclareOption{executivepaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {10.5in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {7.25in}}
\DeclareOption{landscape}
   {\setlength\@tempdima   {\paperheight}%
    \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {\@tempdima}}
\fi
\if@compatibility
  \renewcommand\@ptsize{0}
\else
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
\fi
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}
\DeclareOption{singlespace}{\renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1}}
\DeclareOption{1.5space}
   {\ifnum\@ptsize=0 \renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1.25} \fi %
    \ifnum\@ptsize=1 \renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1.21} \fi %
    \ifnum\@ptsize=2 \renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1.24} \fi}
\DeclareOption{doublespace}
   {\ifnum\@ptsize=0 \renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1.67} \fi %
    \ifnum\@ptsize=1 \renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1.62} \fi %
    \ifnum\@ptsize=2 \renewcommand{\@defaultbaselinestretch}{1.66} \fi}
\DeclareOption{draftdate}{\@draftdatetrue}
\if@compatibility\else
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}
\fi
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue}
\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
\if@compatibility\else
\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
\fi
\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue}
\if@compatibility\else
\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
\fi
\if@compatibility
\@openrighttrue
\else
\DeclareOption{openright}{\@openrighttrue}
\DeclareOption{openany}{\@openrightfalse}
\fi
\if@compatibility\else
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@twocolumnfalse}
\fi
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
\DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}}
\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}}
\DeclareOption{openbib}{%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
   \renewcommand\@openbib@code{%
      \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
      \itemindent -\bibindent
      \listparindent \itemindent
      \parsep \z@
      }%
   \renewcommand\newblock{\par}}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,10pt,doublespace,twoside,onecolumn,final,openright}
\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,12pt,doublespace,twoside,onecolumn,final,openright} %Ramesh, Nov 06, 2007
\ProcessOptions
\usepackage{calc}
\input{bk1\@ptsize.clo}
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{\@defaultbaselinestretch}
\normalsize
%% next set of lengths are set for 12pt only
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.5in}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.0in}

%\setlength{\textwidth}{5.9in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{6.0in}
%
\setlength{\textheight}{8.543in - \topskip} % replaced 8.9in by 8.5in % here you change the height of the text % Ramesh % use either 8.542 or 8.543
  \newcounter{tempc}   \setcounter{tempc}{\textheight}
  \newcounter{tempcc}  \setcounter{tempcc}{\baselineskip}
  \setcounter{tempc}{\value{tempc}/\value{tempcc}}
  \setlength{\textheight}{\baselineskip*\value{tempc}+\topskip}
\setlength{\topmargin}{0.0in}% here you change the ``page number digit'' height positioning  at the top right corner% Ramesh  



%\setlength{\headheight}{\topskip}
\setlength{\headheight}{15pt}



\setlength{\headsep}{ \paperheight/2 - \textheight/2 - 2.23in/2 - \topmargin + \headheight} % This is a work around for // replaced - by + in \headheight % Ramesh: in order to lower the text height from top. % use either - 2.23in/2 or - 2.22in/2
% the broken () in the calc package
% \setlength{\headsep}{(\paperheight - \textheight - 2in)/2 - \topmargin-\headheight}
\newlength{\uppermargin}
  \setlength{\uppermargin}{1.0in + \topmargin + \headheight + \headsep} % 1.0in
\setlength{\footskip}{\paperheight - 0.75in - \textheight - \uppermargin}
%
\newlength{\uppermargintwo}
  \setlength{\uppermargintwo}{2in - \uppermargin - \baselineskip}
\newlength{\uppermarginfour}
  \setlength{\uppermarginfour}{4in - \uppermargin - \topskip - \baselineskip}
%%
\setlength{\parindent}{\@defaultparindent}
\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
%%%  Setup the lengths needed for the rule under the heading.
\newlength{\headwidth}\setlength{\headwidth}{\textwidth}
%\newcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
%\newlength{\headrulewidth}\setlength{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\newlength{\headruleskip}\setlength{\headruleskip}{1pt}
%%%
\@lowpenalty   51
\@medpenalty  151
\@highpenalty 301
\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\renewcommand\topfraction{.7}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.3}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
\renewcommand\textfraction{.2}
\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.5}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.7}
\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
\if@draftdate
  \def\ps@empty{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}%
                      {\hfil{\slshape\leftmark}%
                       \vskip\headruleskip%
                       \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth}}
    \def\@oddhead{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}%
                      {{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil%
                       \vskip\headruleskip%
                       \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth}}
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \markboth{Draft Date: \today}{Draft Date: \today}
    }
  \def\ps@plain{%
    \def\@oddfoot{\hfil\thepage\hfil}
    \def\@evenfoot{\hfil\thepage\hfil}
    \def\@evenhead{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}%
                      {\hfil{\slshape\leftmark}%
                       \vskip\headruleskip%
                       \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth}}
    \def\@oddhead{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}%
                      {{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil%
                       \vskip\headruleskip%
                       \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth}}
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \markboth{Draft Date: \today}{Draft Date: \today}
    }
  \def\ps@headings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}%
                      {\thepage\hfill{\slshape\leftmark}%
                       \vskip\headruleskip%
                       \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth}}
    \def\@oddhead{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}%
                      {{\slshape\rightmark}\hfill\thepage%
                       \vskip\headruleskip%
                       \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth}}
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
    \markboth{Draft Date: \today}{Draft Date: \today}
    }
\else \if@twoside
  \def\ps@headings{%
      \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
      \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
      \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
      \let\@mkboth\markboth
    \def\chaptermark##1{%
      \markboth {\MakeTextUppercase{%
        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
          \if@mainmatter
            \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ %
          \fi
        \fi
        ##1}}{}}%
    \def\sectionmark##1{%
      \markright {\MakeTextUppercase{%
        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
          \thesection. \ %
        \fi
        ##1}}}}
\else
  \def\ps@headings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
    \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
    \markright{}
    }
%  \def\ps@headings{%
%    \let\@oddfoot\@empty
%    \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
%    \let\@mkboth\markboth
%    \def\chaptermark##1{%
%      \markright {\MakeTextUppercase{%
%        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
%          \if@mainmatter
%            \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ %
%          \fi
%        \fi
%        ##1}}}}
\fi  % End the \if@twoside statements
\fi  % End the \if@draftdate statements
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Generate the list of committee members
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\cmtyA#1{\gdef\@cmtyA{#1}}
\def\@cmtyA{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyA given}}
\def\cmtyB#1{\gdef\@cmtyB{#1}}
\def\@cmtyB{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyB given}}
\def\cmtyC#1{\gdef\@cmtyC{#1}}
\def\@cmtyC{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyC given}}
\def\cmtyD#1{\gdef\@cmtyD{#1}}
\def\@cmtyD{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyD given}}
\def\cmtyE#1{\gdef\@cmtyE{#1}}
\def\@cmtyE{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyE given}}
\def\cmtyF#1{\gdef\@cmtyF{#1}}
\def\@cmtyF{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyF given}}
\def\cmtyG#1{\gdef\@cmtyG{#1}}
\def\@cmtyG{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmtyG given}}
%%\def\instE#1{\gdef\@instE{#1}}
%%\def\@instE{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\instE given}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\signrule{\vrule width6cm height -7.5pt depth 8pt}%
\def\monthyear{\ifcase\month\or
    January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or
    August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
    \space\number\year}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the UMI abstract environment
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newenvironment{umiabstract}{%
  \newpage% Start a New page
  \thispagestyle{empty}
  \ifnum\@ptsize=0 \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.67} \fi %
  \ifnum\@ptsize=1 \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.62} \fi %
  \ifnum\@ptsize=2 \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.66} \fi %
  %%%
  \begin{spacing}{1.0}%
    \centering%
%       {\@title}%
    {\MakeTextUppercase{\@title}}%
  \vspace{\baselineskip}
  \end{spacing}

  \centerline{ABSTRACT}}{%
  \vfill%
  \centerline{\MakeTextUppercase{\@author}}%
  \centerline{DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS}%
  \centerline{\MakeTextUppercase{Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242}}%
  \centerline{\MakeTextUppercase{\@cmtyA}}%
  \begin{spacing}{1.0}%
    \vspace{\baselineskip}
    \centering%
%       {\@title}%
%    {\MakeTextUppercase{\@title}}%
     {\MakeTextUppercase{Professor}}%
  \end{spacing}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the title page command
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\if@titlepage
\newcommand\maketitle{\begin{titlepage}%
  \let\footnotesize\small
  \let\footnoterule\relax
  \let \footnote \thanks
  \vspace*{0.2in}
  \begin{center}%
%    {\large \@title}%
    {\large \MakeTextUppercase{\@title}}%
  \end{center}
    %%%\small
    \vfill %%%    \vskip 0.5in
    \centerline{\rule{3.5in}{0.4\p@}} %{3.5in}{0.4
    \vskip 0.5in %%%    \vskip 20\p@
    \centerline{A Dissertation}
    \centerline{Presented to}
    \centerline{The Faculty of the Department of Physics}
    \centerline{Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242}
    \vskip 0.5in %%%    \vskip 20\p@
    \centerline{In Partial Fulfillment}
    \centerline{Of the Requirements for the Degree of}
    \centerline{Doctor of Philosophy}
    \vskip 0.5in %%%    \vskip 20\p@
    \centerline{\rule{3.5in}{0.4\p@}}
    \vfill %%%    \vskip 1.0in %%%    \vskip 20\p@
    \centerline{by}
    \centerline{\@author}
    \centerline{\the\year}
  \end{titlepage}%
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \global\let\thanks\relax
  \global\let\maketitle\relax
  \global\let\@thanks\@empty
%  \global\let\@author\@empty
  \global\let\@date\@empty
%  \global\let\@title\@empty
%  \global\let\title\relax
%  \global\let\author\relax
  \global\let\date\relax
  \global\let\and\relax
}
\else
\newcommand\maketitle{\par
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
    \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
    \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
            \hb@xt@1.8em{%
                \hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
    \if@twocolumn
      \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
        \@maketitle
      \else
        \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
      \fi
    \else
      \newpage
      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
      \@maketitle
    \fi
    \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
  \endgroup
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \global\let\thanks\relax
  \global\let\maketitle\relax
  \global\let\@maketitle\relax
  \global\let\@thanks\@empty
  \global\let\@author\@empty
  \global\let\@date\@empty
  \global\let\@title\@empty
  \global\let\title\relax
  \global\let\author\relax
  \global\let\date\relax
  \global\let\and\relax
}
\def\@maketitle{%
  \newpage
  \null
  \vskip 2em%
  \begin{center}%
  \let \footnote \thanks
    {\LARGE \@title \par}%
    \vskip 1.5em%
    {\large
      \lineskip .5em%
      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
        \@author
      \end{tabular}\par}%
    \vskip 1em%
    {\large \@date}%
  \end{center}%
  \par
  \vskip 1.5em}
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the approval page command
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\makeapproval[1][{Approved, \monthyear}] {
    \centerline{\bf APPROVAL SHEET}
    \vskip \baselineskip
    \centerline{This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of}
    \centerline{the requirements for the degree of}
    \vskip \baselineskip
    \centerline{Doctor of Philosophy}
    \vskip 0.25in
    \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@author}
    \vfill
    %% \flushleft{\hskip 1.0in {#1}}
    \flushleft{{#1}}
    \vskip 0.05in
    \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyA}
    \vskip 0.05in
    \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyB}
    \vskip 0.05in
    \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyC}
    \vskip 0.05in
    \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyD}
    \vskip 0.05in
    \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyE}
    %\vskip 0.05in
   % \centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyF}
    %\vskip 0.05in
    %\centerline{\signrule} \vskip -1ex  \centerline{\@cmtyG}
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the half-title page command
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\makehalftitle{\begin{titlepage}
                          %%% \vspace*{2.84in}%
                          \vspace*{\uppermarginfour}%
                          %%%\par\nobreak%
                          \center\MakeTextUppercase{\@title}
                          \end{titlepage}}
%
\newcommand*\chaptermark[1]{}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
\newcounter {part}
\newcounter {chapter}
\newcounter {section}[chapter]
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
\renewcommand\thepart         {\@Roman\c@part}
\renewcommand\thechapter      {\@arabic\c@chapter}
\renewcommand\thesection      {\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}
\renewcommand\thesubsection   {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
\renewcommand\theparagraph    {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
\newcommand\@chapapp{\chaptername}
\newcommand\frontmatter{\cleardoublepage
            \@mainmatterfalse\pagestyle{plain}\pagenumbering{roman}} %roman
\newcommand\mainmatter{\cleardoublepage
       \@mainmattertrue\pagestyle{headings}\pagenumbering{arabic}%arabic % this sets the page numbering in arabic (1,2,3,etc.) in main text
%       \setlength{\headheight}{15pt}
 %      	\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
       \@firstmaintrue \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
{\protect\hb@xt@\hsize{\@chapapp\hfill}}%
       \@firstmainfalse}
\newcommand\backmatter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
                       \@mainmatterfalse}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the `part' command
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\part{\cleardoublepage
                 \thispagestyle{plain}%
                 \if@twocolumn
                     \onecolumn
                     \@tempswatrue
                   \else
                     \@tempswafalse
                 \fi
                 \null\vfil
                 \secdef\@part\@spart}

\def\@part[#1]#2{%
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
      \refstepcounter{part}%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
    \else
      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
    \fi
    \markboth{}{}%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \normalfont
     \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
       %\huge\bfseries \partname~\thepart
       \normalfont \partname~\thepart
       \par
       \vskip 20\p@
     \fi
     %\Huge \bfseries #2\par}%
     \normalfont #2\par}%
    \@endpart}
\def\@spart#1{%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \normalfont
    % \Huge \bfseries #1\par}%
     \normalfont #1\par}%
    \@endpart}
\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
              \if@twoside
                \null
                \thispagestyle{empty}%
                \newpage
              \fi
              \if@tempswa
                \twocolumn
              \fi}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the `chapter' command
%%%
%%%  If the command is used as "\chapter{...}" or "\chapter[...]{...}",
%%%  then it is executed by the "\@chapter" command given below, which
%%%  uses the "\@makechapterhead" command to create the heading.
%%%
%%%  If the command is used as "\chapter*{...}", then it is executed by the
%%%  "\@schapter" command given below, which uses the "\@makeschapterhead"
%%%  command to create the heading.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi

                   % \thispagestyle{fancy}%

                    \thispagestyle{plain}%
                    \setlength{\headheight}{15pt}
                    \global\@topnum\z@
%                    \@afterindenttrue
                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
                       \if@mainmatter
                         \if@appmatter %% What does this do?
                           \refstepcounter{chapter}%
                           \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
                           {\protect\hb@xt@\hsize{\@chapapp\space\thechapter\hfill} #1}% This applies to the Appendices
                         \else
                           \refstepcounter{chapter}%
                           \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
                                   {\protect\hskip 1.5em \numberline{\thechapter}#1}% This applies to Normal Chapters %1.5em
                         \fi
                       \else
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}% This applies to the abstract
                       \fi
                    \else
                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                    \fi
                    \chaptermark{#1}%
                    %%%\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
                    %%%\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
                    \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{2.0\baselineskip}}% %2.0
                    \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{2.0\baselineskip}}% %2.0
                    \if@twocolumn
                      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
                    \else
                      \@makechapterhead{#2}%
                      \@afterheading
                      \parindent=\@defaultparindent
                      \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip
                    \fi}
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
  %%%\vspace*{60\p@}%
  \vspace*{-20\p@}% %-20 makes 2 inch space for the chapter heading from vertical % Ramesh
  %%% \vspace*{\uppermargintwo}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
   \normalfont
   \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
   \if@mainmatter
%%
      \normalsize\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter  % This creates a Normal bold chapter heading
%      \Large\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter  % This creates a Normal large chapter heading
      %\normalfont \@chapapp\space \thechapter % produces normal font for the chapter number
      \par\nobreak
      \vskip 20\p@ %20% spacing between chapter and section heading--Ramesh
%%% This creates a small centered chapter heading
%        \centerline{\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter}
%        \centerline{\normalfont \@chapapp\space \thechapter}
%        \par\nobreak
%        \vspace*{-0.4cm} 
      \else
        \vspace*{-\topskip}%
      \fi
    \else
      \vspace*{-\topskip}%
    \fi
    \interlinepenalty\@M
%%% This produces a small centered chapter heading
%    \begin{center}\bfseries #1\end{center}\par\nobreak
%    \begin{center}\normalfont #1\end{center}\par\nobreak
%%% This produces a large chapter heading (left aligned)
%    \Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
    \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
   % \normalfont #1\par\nobreak % for normal font for the chapter name (left aligned)
    \vskip 20\p@ %40 % spacing between section heading and text--Ramesh
%%%
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne%
      \if@mainmatter%
        \vskip 4\p@
      \else%
        \vskip 40\p@
      \fi%
    \else%
      \vskip 40\p@
    \fi%
    \parindent=\@defaultparindent
  }}
\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
                 \else
                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
                   \@afterheading
                   \parindent=\@defaultparindent
                   \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip
                 \fi}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
  %%%\vspace*{20\p@}%
  \vspace*{\uppermargintwo}%
  \vspace*{-\topskip}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \normalfont
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    %\begin{center}\bfseries #1\end{center}\par\nobreak
    \begin{center}\normalfont #1\end{center}\par\nobreak
    \vskip 40\p@% 40
    \parindent=\@defaultparindent
  }}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the `section', `subsection', `subsubsection', `paragraph',
%%%  and `subparagraph' commands
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
                                   {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
%                                   {0.3ex}%
                                   {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
%                                   {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
                                   {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
%                                   {\normalfont\normalsize}}
\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
%                                     {0.3ex}%
                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                     {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
%                                     {\normalfont\normalsize}}
\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
%                                     {0.3ex}%
                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                     {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
%                                     {\normalfont\normalsize}}
\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
                                    {-1em}%
                                    {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
%                                     {\normalfont\normalsize}}
\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
                                       {-1em}%
                                      {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
%                                     {\normalfont\normalsize}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the abstract environment
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\thesisabstracthead}{\abstractname}
\newcommand{\thesisabstracttypesize}{\Large}
\newcommand{\@thesisabstracthead}{\thesisabstracthead}
\newenvironment{abstract}{%
        \if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
        % Add the abstract entry to the TOC
     \chapter*{\@thesisabstracthead
         \@mkboth{\uppercase{\@thesisabstracthead}}
                 {\uppercase{\@thesisabstracthead}}}
        \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\@thesisabstracthead}
% Format the Heading for the Abstract
%        \vspace*{60\p@}%
%        \parindent \z@ \raggedright
%        \normalfont
%        \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
%        \if@mainmatter
        %%% This creates a Normal large chapter heading
%           \huge\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter%
%           \huge\bfseries \abstractname%
%           \par\nobreak%
%           \vskip 20\p@%
%           \vspace*{-\topskip}%
%    \interlinepenalty\@M
%    \Huge \bfseries \abstractname \par\nobreak
%    \vskip 40\p@
%        \@afterheading
%        \parindent=\@defaultparindent
%        \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip
%%%%
%        \chapter{ABSTRACT}%
%        \parindent=\@defaultparindent \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip%
        \normalfont\normalsize
        \begin{spacing}{1.1}}
%        \begin{spacing}{2.0}}
        {\end{spacing}\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup a bunch of basic environments
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmargini  {2em}
\else
%  \setlength\leftmargini  {2.5em}
  \setlength\leftmargini  {1.3em}
\fi
\leftmargin  \leftmargini
%\setlength\leftmarginii  {2.2em}
%\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
%\setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.7em}
\setlength\leftmarginii  {1.8em}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.7em}
\setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.5em}
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {.5em}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
\else
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {1em}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
\fi
\setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}%arabic
\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$}
\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
\newenvironment{description}
               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
               {\endlist}
\newcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
\newenvironment{verse}
               {\let\\\@centercr
                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
                        \listparindent\itemindent
                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
                \item\relax}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quotation}
               {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
                        \itemindent    \listparindent
                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
                \item\relax}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quote}
               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                \item\relax}
               {\endlist}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the titlepage environment
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\if@compatibility
\newenvironment{titlepage}
    {%
      \cleardoublepage
      \if@twocolumn
        \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
      \else
        \@restonecolfalse\newpage
      \fi
      \thispagestyle{empty}%
      \setcounter{page}\z@
    }%
    {\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
    }
\else
\newenvironment{titlepage}
    {%
      \cleardoublepage
      \if@twocolumn
        \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
      \else
        \@restonecolfalse\newpage
      \fi
      \thispagestyle{empty}%
      \setcounter{page}\@ne
    }%
    {\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
%     \if@twoside\else
%        \setcounter{page}\@ne
%     \fi
    }
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the `appendix' command
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\appendix{\par
  \@appmattertrue
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}%
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \renewcommand\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \renewcommand\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}}
\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}
\renewcommand\theequation{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@equation}
\newcounter{figure}[chapter]
\renewcommand\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
\newenvironment{figure}
               {\@float{figure}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newcounter{table}[chapter]
\renewcommand\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
               {\@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
               {\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
% Length for use with captions
\newlength\captionwidth
%
% This version of the caption definition
% places 5 percent white space around the
% caption on each side of the text.
%
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}
  \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
  \footnotesize
  \setlength\captionwidth{\hsize*9/10}
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\captionwidth
  \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfill \parbox{\hsize*9/10}{#1: #2}\hfill}
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip
}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
\long\def\undertext#1{\hbox to\hsize{\hfill\vtop{\hbox{#1}\kern 1pt \hrule}\hfill}}
\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the table of contents type commands
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
	\pagestyle{plain}
    \if@twocolumn
      \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \else
      \@restonecolfalse
    \fi
    \chapter*{\contentsname
        \@mkboth{%
           \MakeTextUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeTextUppercase\contentsname}}%
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
    }
\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
    \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
    \begingroup
      \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      {\leavevmode
       %\large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
       \normalfont #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
       \nobreak
         \global\@nobreaktrue
         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
    \endgroup
    \parindent=\@defaultparindent \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip
  \fi}
\newcommand*\l@chapter[2]{%
  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne
    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
    \vskip 1.0em \@plus\p@
    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0} \small \normalsize
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      %\leavevmode \bfseries
      \leavevmode \normalfont
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
%      #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      {#1}\nobreak\leaders\hbox{$\m@th
       \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
       mu$}\hfill \nobreak
      \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
    \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{\@defaultbaselinestretch} \small \normalsize
    \parindent=\@defaultparindent \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip
  \fi}
\newcommand*\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{3.0em}{2.3em}}
\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{5.3em}{3.2em}}
\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{8.5em}{4.1em}}
\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{11.5em}{5em}}
\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{13.5em}{6em}}
\newcommand\listoffigures{%
    \if@twocolumn
      \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \else
      \@restonecolfalse
    \fi
    \chapter*{\listfigurename}
    \@mkboth{\MakeTextUppercase\listfigurename}%
              {\MakeTextUppercase\listfigurename}%
    \begin{spacing}{1.1}
      \@starttoc{lof}%
    \end{spacing}
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
    \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{\@defaultbaselinestretch} \small\normalsize
    }
\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\newcommand\listoftables{%
    \if@twocolumn
      \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \else
      \@restonecolfalse
    \fi
    \chapter*{\listtablename}%
    \@mkboth{\MakeTextUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeTextUppercase\listtablename}%
    \begin{spacing}{1.1}
      \@starttoc{lot}%
    \end{spacing}
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
    \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{\@defaultbaselinestretch} \small\normalsize
    }
\let\l@table\l@figure
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the bibliography commands
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newdimen\bibindent
\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\chapter*{\bibname}
      \typeout{\bibname}%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}%
      \@mkboth{\MakeTextUppercase\bibname}{\MakeTextUppercase\bibname}%
      \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}\small\normalsize
      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%arabic
           {\setlength{\itemsep}{2ex  \@plus .2ex \@minus 0ex}
            \settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \@openbib@code
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%arabic
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
\let\@openbib@code\@empty
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the index commands
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
                \twocolumn[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]%
                \@mkboth{\MakeTextUppercase\indexname}%
                        {\MakeTextUppercase\indexname}%
                \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
               {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
  \kern2.6\p@}
\@addtoreset{footnote}{chapter}
\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \noindent
    \hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}#1}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Setup the sectioning names
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand \contentsname{Table of Contents}%CONTENTS
\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}%LIST OF FIGURES
\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}%LIST OF TABLES
\newcommand\acknowledgementname{Acknowledgements} %ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract} %ABSTRACT
\newcommand\bibname{Bibliography} %BIBLIOGRAPHY
\newcommand\indexname{Index} %INDEX
\newcommand\figurename{Fig.} %FIG.
\newcommand\tablename{Table} %TABLE
\newcommand\partname{Part}
\newcommand\chaptername{Chapter} %CHAPTER
\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix} %APPENDIX
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  Define `today`
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\today{}
\edef\today{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day, \number\year}
\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
\pagestyle{headings}
\pagenumbering{roman}%This sets page numbering of contents etc in roman
\if@twoside
\else
  \raggedbottom
\fi
\if@twocolumn
  \twocolumn
  \sloppy
  \flushbottom
\else
  \onecolumn
\fi
%\def\@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{#1}}%
%      \hangindent \wd\@tempboxa\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
\def\enumerate{%
  \ifnum \@enumdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
    \advance\@enumdepth\@ne
    \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}%
      \expandafter
      \list
        \csname label\@enumctr\endcsname
        {\usecounter\@enumctr\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
  \fi}
\def\itemize{%
  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
    \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
    \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
    \expandafter
    \list
      \csname\@itemitem\endcsname
      {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
  \fi}
\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
   \par \@tempskipa #4\relax
   \@afterindenttrue
   \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
%     \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse
     \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa 
   \fi
   \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else
     \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa
   \fi
   \@ifstar
     {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
     {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}
  \addtocontents{\csname ext@#1\endcsname}{\protect\addvspace{2ex}}%
  \begingroup
    \@parboxrestore
    \normalsize
    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
  \endgroup}
\long\def\@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{%
    \reset@font\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}\footnotesize
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\footnotesep
    \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
       \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark
    }%
    \color@begingroup
      \@makefntext{%
        \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\@finalstrut\strutbox}
    \color@endgroup}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%  More definition of committee menbers
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\cmty1#1{\gdef\@cmty1{#1}}
\def\@cmty1{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmty1 given}}
\def\cmty2#1{\gdef\@cmty2{#1}}
\def\@cmty2{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmty2 given}}
\def\cmty3#1{\gdef\@cmty3{#1}}
\def\@cmty3{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmty3 given}}
\def\cmty4#1{\gdef\@cmty4{#1}}
\def\@cmty4{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\cmty4 given}}
\def\addcontentsline#1#2#3{%
  \if@firstmain
    \addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{}}%
  \else
    \addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}}%
  \fi
}
\def\@centeredhangfrom#1{%
      \noindent\hbox{#1}\parfillskip=\z@\parindent=\z@\leftskip=0pt plus 1fil
      \rightskip=\leftskip }
\long\def\underlefttext#1{\hbox to\hsize{\vtop{\hbox{#1}\kern 1pt \hrule}}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This redefines the Section heading environment
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
%     \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
%       \let\@svsec\@empty\else
%       \refstepcounter{#1}%
%       \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
%     \fi
%     \@tempskipa #5\relax
%      \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
%        \begingroup #6\relax
%\ifnum#2=\@ne
%          \undertext{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec{#8}}%
%\fi
%\ifnum#2=\tw@
%          \@centeredhangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
%                    {\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}%
%\fi
%\ifnum#2=\thr@@
%          \underlefttext{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec{#8}}%
%\fi
%        \endgroup
%       \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
%         {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
%                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
%                    #7}\else
%        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax  %% \relax added 2 May 90
%                   \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
%                      {#7}\addcontentsline
%                           {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
%                           \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
%                                     \fi
%                       #7}}\fi
%     \@xsect{#5}
%     \parindent=\@defaultparindent \rightskip=\@defaultrightskip}

%%%
%%% Commands for spacing.  Some parts from spacing.sty by Stephen Page.
%%% 
\ifx\undefined\selectfont
\def\@setsize#1#2#3#4{\@nomath#1
   \let\@currsize#1\baselineskip
   #2\baselineskip\baselinestretch\baselineskip
   \parskip\baselinestretch\parskip
   \setbox\strutbox\hbox{\vrule height.7\baselineskip
      depth.3\baselineskip width\z@}
   \normalbaselineskip\baselineskip#3#4}
\else
\def\@newbaseline{%
    \ifx\undefined\setnew@baselineskip
      \baselineskip\f@baselineskip\relax
    \else
      \setnew@baselineskip
    \fi
    \baselineskip\baselinestretch\baselineskip
    \setbox\strutbox\hbox{\vrule\@height.7\baselineskip
    \@depth.3\baselineskip \@width\z@}%
    \normalbaselineskip\baselineskip}
\fi
%%%
%%% Reset baselinestretch within footnotes and floats. Originally stolen
%%% from Stanford thesis style.
%%%
\def\@xfloat#1[#2]{\ifhmode \@bsphack\@floatpenalty -\@Mii\else
   \@floatpenalty-\@Miii\fi\def\@captype{#1}\ifinner
      \@parmoderr\@floatpenalty\z@
    \else\@next\@currbox\@freelist{\@tempcnta\csname ftype@#1\endcsname
       \multiply\@tempcnta\@xxxii\advance\@tempcnta\sixt@@n
       \@tfor \@tempa :=#2\do
                        {\if\@tempa h\advance\@tempcnta \@ne\fi
                         \if\@tempa t\advance\@tempcnta \tw@\fi
                         \if\@tempa b\advance\@tempcnta 4\relax\fi
                         \if\@tempa p\advance\@tempcnta 8\relax\fi
         }\global\count\@currbox\@tempcnta}\@fltovf\fi
    \global\setbox\@currbox\vbox\bgroup 
    \def\baselinestretch{1}
    \ifx\undefined\selectfont
    \small\normalsize
    \else
    \@newbaseline
    \fi
    \boxmaxdepth\z@
    \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore}
\long\def\@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{\def\baselinestretch{1}\footnotesize
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty 
    \splittopskip\footnotesep
    \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
    \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
   \edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}\@makefntext
    {\rule{\z@}{\footnotesep}\ignorespaces
      #1\strut}}}
%%% Set up the Vita Environment
%%% \thesisvitahead  %% Title of the vita page; defaults to "Vita".
%%% \thesisvitaheadtypesize
%%%                  %% Typesize used to typeset \thesisvitahead; unused.
%%% thesisauthorvita %% Text of author's vita.
\newcommand{\thesisvitahead}{VITA}
\newcommand{\thesisvitaheadtypesize}{\Large}
\newcommand{\@thesisvitahead}{\thesisvitahead}
\def\vitaauthor#1{\gdef\@vitaauthor{#1}}
\global\let\@vitaauthor\@empty
%%%
%%% Environment to generate vita page.
%%%
\newenvironment{thesisauthorvita}
    {\clearpage
     \chapter*{\@thesisvitahead
         \@mkboth{\uppercase{\@thesisvitahead}}
                 {\uppercase{\@thesisvitahead}}}
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\@thesisvitahead}
    \begin{spacing}{\@defaultbaselinestretch}%}
      \ifx\@vitaauthor\@empty
      \centerline{\underline{\@author}}
      \else
      \centerline{\underline{\@vitaauthor}}
      \fi
    \addvspace{1.5\baselineskip}}
    {\end{spacing}}% \par \vspace{20mm}
%     \noindent Permanent Address:
%       \begin{minipage}[t]{90mm}
%         \thesisauthoraddress
%       \end{minipage}
%     \par \vspace{15mm}
%     \noindent This \lowercase\expandafter{\thesistype} was
%       typeset with \LaTeXe\footnote{\LaTeXe{} is an extension of \LaTeX.
%       \LaTeX{} is a collection of macros for \TeX.  \TeX{} is a
%       trademark of the American Mathematical Society.  The macros used in
%       formatting this \lowercase\expandafter{\thesistype} were written
%       by Dinesh Das, Department of Computer Sciences, The University
%       of Texas at Austin.
%    } by \thesistypist.}
%%%
%%% Environment to generate acknoledgements page.
%%%
\newcommand{\thesisacknowledgementshead}{\acknowledgementname}
\newcommand{\thesisacknowledgementstypesize}{\Large}
\newcommand{\@thesisacknowledgementshead}{\thesisacknowledgementshead}
\newenvironment{acknowledgements}
    {\clearpage
     \chapter*{\@thesisacknowledgementshead
         \@mkboth{\uppercase{\@thesisacknowledgementshead}}
                 {\uppercase{\@thesisacknowledgementshead}}}
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\@thesisacknowledgementshead}
%    \begin{spacing}{\@defaultbaselinestretch}
    \begin{spacing}{1.1}
%    \addvspace{1.5\baselineskip}}
%    \addvspace{1.5\baselineskip}}
}
    {\end{spacing}}% \par \vspace{20mm}
%%%
%%% Stolen from MIT.
%%%
\def\spacing#1{\par%
 \begingroup
 \def\baselinestretch{#1}
 \ifx\undefined\selectfont
 \ifx\@currsize\normalsize\@normalsize\else\@currsize\fi
 \else
 \@newbaseline
 \fi}
\def\endspacing{\par
 \vskip \parskip
 \vskip \baselineskip
 \endgroup
 \vskip -\parskip
 \vskip -\baselineskip}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\endinput
%% 
%% End of file `ksuthesis.cls'.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
