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6540 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) Control Program |
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1.0
Purpose
At Jefferson Lab there is the
potential for oxygen
deficiency hazards (ODHs) due to cryogens,
compressed/solidified gases, clean-agent fire
suppression systems, and/or any
gas with the potential capability to drive oxygen content downward. This ODH Control Program provides procedures for determining:
· when an ODH Safety Review or ODH risk assessment is required
· ODH classifications and the associated engineering and administrative controls
· training and medical exclusions to facilitate worker and equipment safety
· the appropriate emergency response
Jefferson
Lab considers ODH to be a hazard
issue and as such requires training in accordance with Table 1 below. This
document complies with applicable federal, state, and local requirements
outlined in ES&H
Manual Chapter 2410 Appendix T1 Hazard Issues List.
Table
1: Required ODH Safety Training by Job Classification |
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Training
Course |
Qualified ODH Worker (Areas ODH 0-1) |
Qualified ODH Worker (Areas ODH 2-3) |
Qualified ODH Worker (Areas ODH 4) |
ODH SAF103 |
X |
X |
X |
Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus SAF109 |
|
|
X |
5-minute
Escape Pack Use SAF210 |
|
X |
|
ODH-2
& Respirator Medical Certification MED13 |
|
X* |
X* |
* Per ES&H Manual
Chapter 6800 Appendix T1 Medical
Monitoring |
2.0
Scope
NOTE: This program does not address
ODH additional requirements for a confined space. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6160
Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program for more
information. |
An ODH
exists when the concentration of oxygen is less than or equal to 19.5% (by
volume) at a typical barometric pressure of 760 mm Hg. Air normally contains
about 21% diatomic oxygen (O2) with the remainder consisting mostly
of nitrogen. Individuals exposed to reduced-oxygen atmospheres may suffer a
variety of harmful effects. Table 2 contains a list of some of these
physical effects and the sea-level oxygen concentrations at which they occur.
If exposure to reduced oxygen is terminated early enough, effects are generally
reversible. If not, permanent central nervous system damage or death results.
Disorientation and unconsciousness can hinder escape from the vicinity of an oxygen deficiency.
Volume % Oxygen |
Effect |
17 |
Night vision reduced Increased breathing volume Accelerated
heartbeat |
16 |
Dizziness Reaction time for novel tasks doubled |
15 |
Impaired attention Impaired judgment Impaired coordination Intermittent breathing Rapid fatigue Loss of muscle control |
12 |
Very faulty judgment Very poor muscular coordination Loss of consciousness Permanent brain damage |
10 |
Inability to move Nausea Vomiting |
6 |
Spasmatic breathing Convulsive movements Death in 5-8 minutes |
At Jefferson Lab there are five ODH levels. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T2 ODH
Classifications, Engineering and Administrative Control Practices, Training,
and Medical Exclusions. The hazard increases as the number increases. Work areas are
classified based on the statistical probability of one fatality due to an ODH
in a specified number of worker-hours:
Table
3: ODH Classifications |
|
ODH Class |
# of worker-hours* during which a fatality is expected |
0 |
Greater than 10 million |
1 |
from 100,000 hours to 10 million |
2 |
from 1,000 to 100,000 |
3 |
from 10 to 1,000 |
4 |
less than 10 |
*2000 worker-hours equals one year. |
3.0
Responsibilities
NOTE: Management authority may be delegated to a task qualified Jefferson Lab employee at the discretion of the responsible manager.
3.1
Anyone at Jefferson Lab
·
Observe
and follow posted ODH restrictions.
·
If a potential oxygen deficiency is
indicated by warning lights, alarms, signs of exposure symptoms, visible vapor
plume or rushing gas sound immediately follow emergency protocols. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 T3 ODH
Emergency Response Procedure.
·
Complete an ODH
Safety Review Form prior
to introducing an ODH,
prior to alteration of a system or area that might produce an ODH, when
an ODH area is recognized, or
as requested by a cognizant individual.
NOTE: Where
experience demonstrates that an ODH Risk Assessment WILL be required due to
low oxygen levels or system complexity, an ODH Safety Review Form need not be
completed. The ODH Risk Assessment shall be performed by an ODH Analysis
Authority (or designee) in accordance with ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 T4 Oxygen Deficiency
Hazard (ODH) Risk Assessment. |
·
If you require entrance
into an ODH area, and are not a Qualified ODH Worker, contact your Supervisor/Technical Representative/Sponsor to assign a qualified escort. Refer to ES&H
Manual Chapter 1400 Communication of Safety to Visitors.
·
Abide by the controls described in ES&H
Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T2 ODH Classifications, Engineering and
Administrative Control Practices, Training, and Medical Exclusions
3.2
Qualified ODH Worker
·
Maintain
appropriate ODH training and medical approval. For entry into:
o ODH
0 or ODH 1:
§ SAF103 Oxygen
Deficiency Hazard, OR
§ Contact your Supervisor/ Technical Representative (TR)/Sponsor
to assign a
qualified escort. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 1400 Communication of Safety to
Visitors.
o ODH 2 and higher:
§ SAF103 Oxygen
Deficiency Hazard and medical monitoring. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6800 Appendix T1 Medical Monitoring.
§ Respiratory Protection Training
1.
ODH
2 or ODH 3 - (SAF 210) Escape Pack Training
2.
ODH
4 - (SAF 109) SCBA Training
·
When entering an identified ODH
area, follow safety procedures according to the ODH Classification signage and
training.
3.3
Supervisors, Technical
Representative (TR), Sponsor
· Ensure workers under your authority are appropriately trained and medically approved prior to performing work within ODH areas.
· Notify Occupational Medicine when a worker requires ODH 2 and higher medical monitoring. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6800 Appendix T1 Medical Monitoring and its supporting appendices.
· Determine appropriate muster points and inform individuals under your authority in accordance with the requirements of ES&H Manual Chapter 3510 Emergency Response Activities. See area evacuation maps for locations of muster points.
· Report any near-miss or actual ODH events to the ES&H Reporting Officer in accordance with ES&H Manual Chapter 5200 Event Investigation and Causal Analysis Process.
3.4
Division Safety Officers
·
Ensure an ODH
Safety Review/Risk Assessment has been performed and is current for any ODH
area under your purview. IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER AND MITIGATE AN ODH EARLY
IN THE DESIGN/FABRICATION PROCESS.
· Ensure that engineering and administrative controls required per ODH Risk Assessment under their authority are functioning.
o When deficiencies are noted, the DSO shall ensure that corrective action is taken and follow protocols identified in ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T2 ODH Classifications, Engineering and Administrative Control Practices, Training, and Medical Exclusions
· Review ODH Risk Assessment(s) and associated documentation every 3 years if ODH is present or when conditions change.
· DSOs may delegate all or part of the work associated with these tasks but shall not delegate any responsibility.
3.5
ODH
Analysis Authority
·
Conduct and/or review ODH Risk
Assessments when required or requested in accordance with ES&H
Manual Chapter 6540 T4 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) Risk Assessment. IT
IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER AND MITIGATE AN ODH EARLY IN THE DESIGN/FABRICATION
PROCESS.
·
Upon request, perform a review of
an ODH Risk Assessment and associated documentation every 3 years if ODH is
present or when conditions change.
·
Qualifications
include:
o Demonstrated
ability to analyze and mitigate oxygen deficiency hazards within laboratory
user systems.
o Maintain appropriate training SAF103 Oxygen
Deficiency Hazard
o Technical
proficiencies and knowledge of:
§ ODH
evaluations, calculations, design/implementation of control measures
§ Common
compressed and liquefied gases, mixed gas properties
§ ODH
propagation calculations
§ Pressurized
gas mechanical systems with their associated failure modes analysis
o One
of the following:
§ Completion of an engineering or physics degree, requiring four or more years of full time study, plus a minimum of five years of experience relating to the technical requirements listed above.
§ Professional Engineering registration, recognized by the local jurisdiction, plus experience in systems relating to ODH classification, mitigation, evaluation, and their properties.
· NOTE: Responsibilities of the ODH Analysis Authority shall terminate upon completion and approval of an ODH risk assessment.
·
Review and, if acceptable, approve
ODH Safety Review document(s) and ODH Risk Assessments.
·
Submit a request for a Facility
Design Review or ODH Risk Assessment as appropriate.
·
Distribute/File final approved ODH
Safety Review Forms and Risk Assessments to affected area, Document Owner and
ES&H Document Control
·
Verify that ODH equipment safeguards, inventory
requirements, posting, and labeling are in-place prior to introduction of the
ODH.
·
Coordinate with DSOs to ensure ODH Risk
Assessments are reviewed every 3 years or when conditions change.
·
Qualifications
include:
o Certified
Industrial Hygienist
o Approved by the ES&H Division Head
·
Maintain
and provide training
for Personal Oxygen Monitors, Escape Packs, and
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
3.8
Engineering
Division
· Safety Systems Group and Cryogenic Operations: Install, maintain and calibrate area oxygen monitoring systems associated with accelerator enclosures (e.g. CEBAF, LERF, UITF) under their purview.
· Engineering Division Manager or the Cryogenic Department Head: Approve ODH Risk Assessments.
3.9
Physics
and Accelerator Divisions
·
Install, maintain and calibrate area oxygen
monitoring systems under their purview.
3.10
Facilities
Management and Logistics
· Provide room measurements upon request.
· Provide ventilation capacities upon request.
· Provide and maintain building ventilation systems.
· Install, maintain and calibrate area oxygen monitoring systems under their purview.
4.0
Technical
Appendices
4.1
ODH
Safety Review
An ODH Safety Review is performed when gas is proposed, altered, discovered, or as requested in accordance with ES&H Manual Chapter 3210 Work Planning, Control, and Authorization Process. If the system involved is complex and/or where experience demonstrates an ODH Risk Assessment WILL be required, an ODH Safety Review Form need not be completed. Relevant factors include, but are not limited to:
·
Volume of the area.
·
Potential volume of the gas.
·
Work to be performed in the area.
·
Engineering controls currently in place.
·
Required administrative controls.
·
Existing ODH sources or installations.
ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T1 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) Safety Review provides instructions on how to complete an ODH Safety Review Form so an accurate determination of risk can be made and appropriate mitigations can be implemented.
Where
experience demonstrates that an ODH Risk Assessment will be required, or when
an ODH Safety Review Form results in a required ODH Risk Assessment, ES&H
Manual Chapter 6540 T4 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) Risk Assessment provides
instructions on how to complete an appropriate assessment.
4.2
ODH Mitigation and Control Measures
Jefferson Labs ODH control program includes engineering controls,
administrative controls, and medical exclusions to facilitate worker and
equipment safety. ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T2 ODH Classifications,
Engineering and Administrative Control Practices, Training, and Medical
Exclusions outlines how to recognize ODH areas; and
describes the control(s)/exclusion(s) required for
entry and work within an area so designated.
4.3
ODH
Emergency Response
Jefferson Lab utilizes both
installed and personal oxygen monitors. A detected oxygen concentration of
19.5% or less triggers an alarm.
·
Leave
the area immediately and notify your supervisor if:
o An oxygen deficiency warning light
(blue) flashes.
o An oxygen deficiency alarm sounds
(i.e.: from an installed or personal oxygen monitor).
See ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T3 ODH Emergency Response Procedure for additional information.
4.4
ODH
Risk Assessment
An ODH Risk Assessment is performed in accordance with ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 T4 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) Risk Assessment:
· when the system involved is complex.
· where experience demonstrates an ODH Risk Assessment has been required in similar systems.
· when the potential for an oxygen concentration below <19.5% exists. For situations where an ODH Safety Review results in an oxygen concentration between 18-19.5%, the ODH Safety Reviewer shall determine whether an ODH Risk Assessment is required.
5.0
Revision Summary
Revision 2.1 11/06/2020 Periodic Review; updated header and footer,
changed ESH&Q to ES&H, changed SOTR to TR, no approval required.
Revision 2.0 11/06/17 Periodic Review; updated responsibilities for Area
Managers and added reference to new appendix 6540-T4 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard
(ODH) Risk Assessment
Revision
1.2 06/22/16 Updated
TPOC from D.Owen to J.Williams
Revision
1.1 05/20/14 Added Required
Safety Training Table
Revision 1.0 01/17/12 Updated to reflect current laboratory operations
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ISSUING AUTHORITY |
TECHNICAL POINT-OF-CONTACT |
APPROVAL DATE |
REVIEW DATE |
REV. |
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ES&H
Division |
11/06/17 |
11/06/23 |
2.0 |
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