TITLE

ES&H Manual

 

DOCUMENT ID

6132 Appendix T1:  Ladders

 

1.0             Purpose

Fixed and Portable ladders are the two basic categories of ladders available for use at Jefferson Lab. The actions that are to be taken for inspection, set-up, use, and storage of both types are delineated in this appendix.  Fixed ladders are permanently attached to buildings or other structures. Portable ladders, on the other hand, are step (self-supporting), extension, or a mobile ladder stand or platform.

Actions not presented in this appendix are to be reviewed and approved by each worker’s supervisor prior to implementation.

2.0             Scope

Portable ladders are used for temporary operations. However, should regular access to an area be required, a fixed ladder shall be installed. If the determination is made that a fixed ladder needs to be installed, a Facilities Management Service Request shall be placed. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 3110, Facility Design and Modification Review for selection, material, and installation requirements. 

ANSI Type I-authorized Ladders

The only type of ladders authorized for use are ANSI Type I – heavy duty, 250 pounds – or greater.

All ladders are to meet the following, current ANSI standards (as applicable):

ANSI A14.2

Portable Metal Ladders

ANSI 14.3

Fixed Ladders

ANSI 14.5

Portable Reinforced Ladders

ANSI 14.7

Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms

The use of non-ANSI-rated or step stools is not authorized.  (Refer to Chapter 2410, Appendix T1: Hazard Issues List for other federal, state, and local requirements applicable to these topics.)

This document is an extension of Chapter 6132, Ladder and Scaffold Safety; all relevant content within the chapter applies to the responsibilities and procedure outlined herein.

3.0             Responsibilities

Note:   Management authority may be delegated to a task-qualified TJNAF employee at the discretion of the responsible manager.

Training: Contact the Industrial Safety Group for questions regarding ladder and scaffold safety training.

3.1              Ladder Workers

·         notify your supervisor if you have any health or physical condition that would affect your safety when working at an elevated height

·         request guidance from your supervisor for equipment with which you are unfamiliar

·         complete SAF307 - Ladder Safety training before using a ladder

·         inspect, set-up, use, and store ladders in accordance with (IAW) manufacturer instructions and Jefferson Labs requirements

·         if repair or maintenance is necessary, tag the ladder Out-of-service and contact your ES&H Liaison or Safety Warden

3.2              ES&H Liaison and Safety Wardens

·         inspect fixed and portable ladders in your area of responsibility during routine safety observations and/or monthly inspections

·         facilitate repairs and maintenance as required and/or requested

3.3              Supervisors and Technical Representatives (TR)

·         only purchase and authorize the use of ladders that meet or exceed ANSI Type I ladders (see table above)

·         ensure ladders are inspected, set-up, used, and stored IAW manufacturer and Jefferson Lab requirements

·         ensure only those who are appropriately trained and qualified are assigned to use a ladder

·         provide appropriate training to those requesting assistance

3.4              Industrial Safety

·         provide ladder safety training (SAF307)

·         serve as the technical point-of-contact (TPOC) for ladders

4.0             Procedure

Unless otherwise stated, anyone at Jefferson Lab may perform the steps, in order, as outlined below.

4.1              Inspections are to be performed prior to use; daily if in continual use; and, monthly during safety warden inspections.

4.1.1        Fixed Ladder

Step 1:Verify

·         wall anchors are secure

·         rung friction surface, tape, or paint, is in good condition

·         minimum 7-inch clearance in back to provide adequate toe space

·         clearance of 15 inches on each side of the center line, unless cages or well guards are in place

·         if there is a swing gate, chain, cage, or well guard, ensure it is secure

·         side rails extend 3 ˝ feet above landings

·         a cage for ladders over 20 feet in length

·         a landing platform every 50 feet

·         rungs are rigid, parallel, level, and uniformly spaced

Step 2:If the answer to any of the above is NO, do NOT use the ladder. 

·         tag the ladder Out-of-service IAW Chapter 6111, Administrative Control using Locks and Tags

·         contact your ES&H Liaison or Safety Warden to facilitate repairs

·         when confirmation of repair to the ladder is made, the tag may be removed and work may continue

 

4.1.2        Portable Ladders

Note: A ladder’s duty rating is the maximum, safe gross load capacity. A person’s weight, while fully clothed, plus the weight of any tools and materials that are carried onto the ladder, must be less than the duty rating of the ladder.

To find out what a ladder’s duty rating is, refer to the Identification Label (Figure 1 below) on the ladder. If the label is missing, contact your ES&H Liaison for a replacement.

 

Figure 1: Typical marking scheme

 

4.1.3        Portable Ladders

http://www.jlab.org/ehs/ehsmanual/manual/images/6132T1%20Portable%20Ladder.jpg

Step 1:Inspect the appropriate ladder as follows:

 

 

Step Ladder

·         Label is in place and legible.

·         Spreaders/hinges are straight and in good working order.  (Folding support brackets are securely mounted to the ladder’s side rails.)

·         Rungs are secure with no play, or damage.

·         Anti-skid shoes/feet and surfaces are intact and undamaged.

·         No cracks or structural deficiencies present.

extension

 

Extension Ladder

·         Perform any manufacture recommended inspection procedures.

·         Ladder labeling is intact and legible.

·         Rungs are secure with no play, or damage

·         Rung locks swivel and grab properly. 

·         Rope and pulley system is in good repair.

·         Anti-skid shoes/feet pivot properly and have rubber shoe in place. 

·         No cracks or structural deficiencies present.

 

 

Mobile Ladder Stand and Mobil Ladder Stand Platform

·         Perform any manufacturer’s recommended inspection procedures.

·         All components are free from damage and unusual wear, deterioration, or corrosion. If necessary tighten loose bolts, nuts, or connections; and secure with locking hardware.

·         All exposed surfaces are free from sharp edges and burrs.

·         Steps and platforms are clear of debris.

·         Rubber foot pads are free of wear and tear; and, when under load prevent horizontal movement.

·         Wheels or casters lock when under load in a manner sufficient to prevent horizontal movement.

·         Non-locking wheels or casters vertically retract when under load allowing the feet to make contact with the ground to prevent horizontal movement.

 

  

 

Step 2:If the answer to any of the above is NO, do NOT use the ladder.    

·         tag the ladder out of service

·         contact your ES&H Liaison if repairs or disposal is required

·         when the ladder has been confirmed to have been repaired, the tag may be removed and work can continue

 

 

4.2              Setup

4.2.1        Step Ladder

·         ensure you can access the work from no higher than two steps from the top of the ladder (step ladders, 4 feet or less in height, may be designed for standing closer to the top; refer to manufacturer instructions)  

·         fully expand and lock supports prior to use (Do not use folded or propped up against a vertical surface)

·         use on a level surface, free of debris or obstacles

4.2.2        Extension Ladder

·         ensure the ladder is 7 to 10 feet longer than the highest support or contact point (wall or roof line), allowing for

o   enough length for proper setup,

o   overlap of ladder sections,

o   height restrictions of the highest standing level, and

o   where appropriate, extension of the ladder to be above the roof line

·         place the base a distance from the vertical wall equal to one-fourth the working length of the ladder plus the horizontal distance of the overhang or eve (see Figure 2 below)

·         ensure the ladder extends at least 3 feet beyond the point of support (roof line)

·         tie the ladder off, or otherwise secure it in place.

Note that a second person, or other security measure, is needed to brace the ladder at the base until it can be secured at the top.

 

Figure 2: Extension Ladder Setup Diagram

 

Extension ladder setup

Height to Gutter or Top

Support Point

Ladder Height

Maximum Reach

9' max.

16'

15'

9' to 13'

20'

19'

13' to 17'

24'

23'

17' to 21'

28'

27'

21' to 25'

32'

31'

25' to 28'

36'

34'

28' to 31'

40'

37'

 

 

4.2.3        Mobile Ladder Stands and Stand Platforms

·         mobile ladder stand platforms may be used up to the top most level

·         ensure the maximum work level height is no more than four times the smallest dimension of the base (if necessary use outriggers)

·         use on a level surface, free of debris or obstacles

·         ensure all lockable wheels and casters are properly secured to prevent movement

 

 

4.3              Use

4.3.1        All Ladders

·         only one person on a ladder at a time (except for specially constructed, double-sided, step ladders or mobile ladder stand platforms)

·         face the ladder when ascending or descending (exception:  when the slope of the steps on a fixed ladder, or mobile ladder stand or platform, is 50 degrees or less above the horizontal

·         maintain three-points of contact when moving up or down a ladder

·         use a tool belt or handline to raise or lower equipment and tools

·         do not store or hang materials or equipment on or from the steps or platform of a unit

·         place the ladder close to the work; do not lean out or over the ladder rails (keep belt buckle area inside the rails)

·         use ladders made from fiberglass or wood if working near electrical hazards

·         do not exceed the ladder load rating

·         do not set-up in front of a door unless the door is:

o   secured in an open position,

o   closed and locked,

o   attended or

o   barricaded

4.3.2        Portable Ladders

4.3.2.1              Step the highest point-of-use is two steps down from the top unless otherwise indicated on the ladder’s identification label (essentially, the highest standing level)

 

4.3.2.2              Extension

·         another person is required to hold the ladder in place, foot-the-ladder, while the person on the ladder secures it at the top

·         the highest standing level is four rungs down from the top

 

4.3.2.3              Mobile Ladder Stands and Stand Platforms

·         secure all lockable wheels and casters before ascending the ladder

·         do not move if occupied

·         do not add any type of extension or object to obtain additional height

·         only step on steps or platforms

·         access to or egress from any step or platform from any other elevated surface is prohibited unless the unit has been positively secured against movement

 

4.4              Storage

4.4.1        Fixed Ladders: secure swing gate, chain, cage, or well-guard

 

4.4.2        Portable Ladders: store out of the elements, upright if possible, and secured to prevent tip-over

5.0             Revision History

rev

summary

date

3.0

period review

edits made as follows

-    Section 3.0, added Note; added Training statement

-    Section 4.0, changed section header from Process Steps to Procedure

-    Section 5.0, updated header to Revision History and changed to this tabular format

-    throughout: corrected misspellings; changed scaffold inspection frequency from daily to before each shift; updated SOTR to TR; fixed acronyms and abbreviations as needed; changed wording

-    changed TPOC from BManzlak to RKenney

-    general editing to include format, header & footer (+ color), hyperlinks; etc. by JAllen, ES&H Manual Editor

12.06.2023

 

period review

- no changes per TPOC

07.29.2016

2.2

reformatted graphics; updated TPOC from N.Walker to B.Manzlak

01.30.2014

2.1

added Portable Safety Video button link

04.23.2013

2.0

only ANSI Type I (heavy duty – 250 pounds) ladders (or greater) are authorized for use

03.24.2011

1.0

updated to reflect current laboratory operations

06.07.2010

 

ISSUING AUTHORITY

TECHNICAL POINT-OF-CONTACT

APPROVAL DATE

NEXT REVIEW DATE

REVIEW CYCLE

rev

 

 

ES&H Division

Rich Kenney

07.29.2016

12.06.2026

3 years

3.0

 

This document is controlled as an online file.  It may be printed but the print copy is not a controlled document. 

It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that the document is the same revision as the current online file.  This copy was printed on 12/6/2023.