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DOCUMENT ID |
6132
Appendix T1: Ladders |
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Fixed and Portable ladders are the two basic categories of ladders
available for use at Jefferson Lab. The actions that are to be taken for
inspection, set-up, use, and storage of both types are delineated in this
appendix. Fixed ladders are permanently
attached to buildings or other structures. Portable ladders, on the other hand,
are step (self-supporting), extension, or a mobile ladder stand or platform.
Actions not
presented in this appendix are to be reviewed and approved by each worker’s
supervisor prior to implementation.
Portable ladders are
used for temporary operations. However, should regular access to an area be
required, a fixed ladder shall be installed. If the determination is made that
a fixed ladder needs to be installed, a Facilities Management Service
Request
shall be placed. Refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 3110, Facility Design and
Modification Review for selection, material, and installation requirements.
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ANSI
Type I-authorized Ladders |
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The only type of ladders authorized for use are ANSI Type I –
heavy duty, 250 pounds – or greater. All ladders are to meet the following, current ANSI standards (as
applicable):
The use of non-ANSI-rated or step stools is not
authorized. (Refer to Chapter 2410, Appendix T1: Hazard Issues List for other federal, state, and local
requirements applicable to these topics.) |
This document is an extension of Chapter 6132, Ladder and Scaffold Safety; all relevant content within the chapter applies to the responsibilities and procedure outlined herein.
Note: Management
authority may be delegated to a task-qualified TJNAF employee at the discretion
of the responsible manager.
Training: Contact the Industrial
Safety Group for questions regarding ladder and
scaffold safety training.
·
notify
your supervisor if you have any health or physical condition that would affect
your safety when working at an elevated height
·
request
guidance from your supervisor for equipment with which you are unfamiliar
·
complete
SAF307 - Ladder Safety training before using a ladder
·
inspect,
set-up, use, and store ladders in accordance with (IAW) manufacturer
instructions and Jefferson Labs requirements
·
if
repair or maintenance is necessary, tag the ladder Out-of-service and contact your ES&H Liaison or Safety Warden
3.2
ES&H
Liaison and Safety Wardens
·
inspect
fixed and portable ladders in your area of responsibility during routine safety
observations and/or monthly inspections
·
facilitate
repairs and maintenance as required and/or requested
3.3
Supervisors and Technical Representatives
(TR)
·
only
purchase and authorize the use of ladders that meet or exceed ANSI Type I ladders (see table above)
·
ensure
ladders are inspected, set-up, used, and stored IAW manufacturer and Jefferson
Lab requirements
·
ensure
only those who are appropriately trained and qualified are assigned to use a
ladder
·
provide
appropriate training to those requesting assistance
·
provide
ladder safety training (SAF307)
·
serve
as the technical point-of-contact (TPOC) for ladders
Unless
otherwise stated, anyone at Jefferson Lab may perform the steps, in order, as
outlined below.
4.1
Inspections are to be performed prior to use;
daily if in continual use; and, monthly during safety warden inspections.
Step 1:Verify
·
wall anchors are secure
·
rung friction surface, tape, or paint, is in good condition
·
minimum 7-inch clearance in back to provide adequate toe space
·
clearance of 15 inches on each side of the center line, unless
cages or well guards are in place
·
if there is a swing gate, chain, cage, or well guard, ensure it is
secure
·
side rails extend 3 ˝ feet above landings
·
a cage for ladders over 20 feet in length
·
a landing platform every 50 feet
·
rungs are rigid, parallel, level, and uniformly spaced
Step 2:If the answer to any of the
above is NO, do NOT use the ladder.
·
tag the ladder Out-of-service
IAW Chapter 6111, Administrative
Control using Locks and Tags
·
contact your ES&H
Liaison or Safety Warden to facilitate repairs
·
when
confirmation of repair to the ladder is made, the tag may be removed and work may
continue
4.1.2
Portable Ladders
Note: A ladder’s duty rating is the maximum, safe gross load capacity. A person’s
weight, while fully clothed, plus the weight of any tools and materials that
are carried onto the ladder, must be less than the duty rating of the ladder.
To
find out what a ladder’s duty rating is, refer to the Identification Label (Figure 1
below) on the ladder. If the label is missing, contact your ES&H Liaison for
a replacement.
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Figure 1: Typical marking scheme |
Step 1:Inspect the appropriate ladder as follows:
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Step Ladder ·
Label is in place and legible. ·
Spreaders/hinges are
straight and in good working order.
(Folding support brackets are securely mounted to the ladder’s side
rails.) ·
Rungs are secure
with no play, or damage. ·
Anti-skid shoes/feet
and surfaces are intact and undamaged. ·
No cracks or
structural deficiencies present. |
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Extension Ladder ·
Perform any manufacture recommended inspection
procedures. ·
Ladder labeling is
intact and legible. ·
Rungs are secure
with no play, or damage ·
Rung locks swivel
and grab properly. ·
Rope and pulley system
is in good repair. ·
Anti-skid shoes/feet
pivot properly and have rubber shoe in place.
·
No cracks or
structural deficiencies present. |
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Mobile Ladder Stand and Mobil Ladder Stand
Platform ·
Perform any manufacturer’s recommended inspection
procedures. ·
All components are free from damage and unusual
wear, deterioration, or corrosion. If necessary tighten loose bolts, nuts, or
connections; and secure with locking hardware. ·
All exposed surfaces are free from sharp edges and
burrs. ·
Steps and platforms are clear of debris. ·
Rubber foot pads are free of wear and tear; and,
when under load prevent horizontal movement. ·
Wheels or casters lock when under load in a manner
sufficient to prevent horizontal movement. ·
Non-locking wheels or casters vertically retract
when under load allowing the feet to make contact with
the ground to prevent horizontal movement. |
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Step 2:If the answer to any of the
above is NO, do NOT use the ladder.
·
tag the ladder out of service
·
contact
your ES&H Liaison if repairs or disposal is required
·
when
the ladder has been confirmed to have been repaired, the tag may be removed and
work can continue
4.2
Setup
·
ensure
you can access the work from no higher than two steps from the top of the
ladder (step ladders, 4 feet or less in height, may be designed for standing
closer to the top; refer to manufacturer instructions)
·
fully
expand and lock supports prior to use (Do
not use folded or propped up against a vertical surface)
·
use
on a level surface, free of debris or obstacles
·
ensure the ladder is 7 to 10 feet longer
than the highest support or contact point (wall or roof line), allowing for
o
enough length for proper setup,
o
overlap of ladder sections,
o
height restrictions of the highest
standing level, and
o
where appropriate, extension of the ladder
to be above the roof line
·
place
the base a distance from the vertical wall equal to one-fourth the working
length of the ladder plus the horizontal distance of the overhang or eve (see Figure
2 below)
·
ensure
the ladder extends at least 3 feet beyond the point of support (roof line)
·
tie
the ladder off, or otherwise secure it in place.
Note that
a second person, or other security measure, is needed to brace the ladder at
the base until it can be secured at the top.
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Figure 2: Extension
Ladder Setup Diagram |
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Extension ladder setup |
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4.2.3
Mobile Ladder Stands
and Stand Platforms
·
mobile
ladder stand platforms may be used up to the top most level
·
ensure
the maximum work level height is no more than four times the smallest dimension
of the base (if necessary use outriggers)
·
use
on a level surface, free of debris or obstacles
·
ensure
all lockable wheels and casters are properly secured to prevent movement
4.3
Use
·
only
one person on a ladder at a time (except for specially constructed,
double-sided, step ladders or mobile ladder stand platforms)
·
face
the ladder when ascending or descending (exception: when the slope of the steps on a fixed ladder,
or mobile ladder stand or platform, is 50 degrees or less above the horizontal
·
maintain
three-points of contact when moving up or down a ladder
·
use
a tool belt or handline to raise or lower equipment and tools
·
do not store or
hang materials or equipment on or from the steps or platform of a unit
·
place
the ladder close to the work; do not lean out or over the ladder rails (keep
belt buckle area inside the rails)
·
use
ladders made from fiberglass or wood if working near electrical hazards
·
do
not exceed the ladder load rating
·
do
not set-up in front of a door unless the door is:
o
secured
in an open position,
o
closed
and locked,
o
attended
or
o barricaded
4.3.2.1
Step
the highest point-of-use is two steps down from the top unless otherwise
indicated on the ladder’s identification label (essentially, the highest standing level)
·
another person is required to hold the ladder
in place, foot-the-ladder, while the
person on the ladder secures it at the top
·
the highest standing level is four rungs
down from the top
4.3.2.3
Mobile
Ladder Stands and Stand
Platforms
·
secure all lockable wheels and casters
before ascending the ladder
·
do not move if occupied
·
do not add any type of extension or object
to obtain additional height
·
only step on steps or platforms
·
access to or egress from any step or
platform from any other elevated surface is prohibited unless the unit has been
positively secured against movement
4.4
Storage
4.4.1
Fixed
Ladders: secure swing
gate, chain, cage, or well-guard
4.4.2
Portable Ladders: store out of the elements, upright
if possible, and secured to prevent tip-over
5.0
Revision History
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summary |
date |
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3.0 |
period
review edits made as follows - Section
3.0, added Note; added Training statement - Section
4.0, changed section header from Process Steps to Procedure - Section
5.0, updated header to Revision History and changed to this tabular format - throughout:
corrected misspellings; changed scaffold inspection frequency from daily to
before each shift; updated SOTR to TR; fixed acronyms and abbreviations as
needed; changed wording - changed
TPOC from BManzlak to RKenney -
general
editing to include format, header & footer (+ color), hyperlinks; etc. by
JAllen, ES&H Manual Editor |
12.06.2023 |
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period
review - no changes
per TPOC |
07.29.2016 |
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2.2 |
reformatted graphics; updated TPOC from N.Walker to B.Manzlak |
01.30.2014 |
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2.1 |
added Portable Safety Video button link |
04.23.2013 |
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2.0 |
only ANSI Type I (heavy duty – 250 pounds) ladders (or
greater) are authorized for use |
03.24.2011 |
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1.0 |
updated to reflect current laboratory operations |
06.07.2010 |
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ISSUING AUTHORITY |
TECHNICAL
POINT-OF-CONTACT |
APPROVAL DATE |
NEXT REVIEW DATE |
REVIEW CYCLE |
rev |
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ES&H Division |
07.29.2016 |
12.06.2026 |
3 years |
3.0 |
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