Fully integrated linear elements, such as 8-node solid elements, may suffer shear locking. False results may be produced with fully integrated 8-node solid elements.
(2) A Beam Example
Here is a simple beam example.
The theoretical solution of the beam problem is as follows.
Deflection = 4.281 mm
First mode = 284 Hz
Bending stress = 250 MPa
(3) Computed Deflection Using Fully Integrated 8-node Solid Elements
Fully integrated linear elements, such as 8-node solid elements, may suffer shear locking. False results may be produced with fully integrated 8-node solid elements.
The reduced integration of linear 8-node solid elements leads to numerical difficulty called hourglasing because the reduced 8-node solid elements tend to be excessively flexible.