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  • Status

    Status

    More information about the status of an electron-ion collider can be found in the documents linked below. In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine issued a report, “An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science.” Following the report, the directors of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Brookhaven National Laboratory issued a joint statement of support. More information about the impetus for building an electron-ion collider can be found in the 2015 Long-Range Plan, issued by the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee..

     

  • Benefits

    Benefits

    Beyond sparking scientific discoveries in a new frontier of fundamental physics, an Electron-Ion Collider will trigger technological breakthroughs that have broad-ranging impacts on human health and national challenges. Research on the technologies needed to make this machine a reality is already pushing the evolution of magnets and other particle accelerator components. 
     
    Some of these advances could lead to energy-efficient accelerators, thereby dramatically shrinking the size and operating costs of accelerators used across science and industry for example, to make and test computer chips; to deliver energetic particle beams to zap cancer cells; to study and design improved sustainable energy technologies such as solar cells, batteries, and catalysts; and to develop new kinds of drugs and other medical treatments. New methods of particle detection developed for an EIC could also lead to advances in medical imaging and national security. 
     
    In truth, it’s nearly impossible to predict what will come from the knowledge gained from an EIC. History shows that applications springing from a deeper understanding of matter and fundamental forces things like GPS, microelectronics, and radiological techniques for diagnosing and treating disease often emerge many years after the foundational physics discoveries that make them possible. 
     
    But one thing is certain: Building the experiments that inspire and train the next generation of scientific explorers is essential for maintaining U.S. leadership in nuclear science and for developing the high-tech workforce needed to address some of our nation’s deepest challenges.

     

  • Design

    Design

    "Design"

    The Electron-Ion Collider would consist of two intersecting accelerators, one producing an intense beam of electrons, the other a beam of either protons or heavier atomic nuclei, which are then steered into head-on collisions.

    The accelerators will be designed so that both beams can be polarized to around 70 percent for electrons, protons and light nuclei. Electrons will be able to probe particles from protons to the heaviest stable nuclei at a very wide range of energies, starting from 20–100 billion electron-volts (GeV), upgradable to approximately 140 GeV, to produce images of the particles’ interiors at higher and higher resolution. At least one detector and possibly more would analyze thousands of particle collisions per second, amassing the data required to tease out the smallest effects required for significant discoveries.

    Building the EIC will require the same core expertise that led to the versatility of the polarized proton and heavy ion beams at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the unique polarized electron beam properties of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. These two Department of Energy laboratories have been collaborating on initial studies and developing designs that make use of key existing infrastructure and capitalize on investments in science and technology. Each design approach would require the development of innovative accelerator and detector technologies to answer the questions described in this brochure.

     

  • Goals

    Goals

    There are many scientific questions that researchers expect an Electron-Ion Collider will allow them to answer. Among them are four main topics of study. 

     

    3D Structure of Protons and Nuclei
    3D Structure of Protons and Nuclei
    Scientists would use the Electron-Ion Collider to take three-dimensional precision snapshots of the internal structure of protons and atomic nuclei. As they pierce through the larger particles, the high-energy electrons will interact with the internal microcosm to reveal unprecedented details—zooming in beyond the simplistic structure of three valence quarks bound by a mysterious force. Recent experiments indicate that gluons—the glue-like carriers of the strong nuclear force that binds quarks together—multiply and appear to linger within particles accelerated close to the speed of light, and play a significant role in establishing key properties of protons and nuclear matter. By taking images at a range of energies, an EIC will reveal features of this “ocean” of gluons and the “sea” of quark-antiquark pairs that form when gluons split—allowing scientists to map out the particles’ distribution and movement within protons and nuclei, similar to the way medical imaging technologies construct 3D dynamic images of the brain. These studies may help reveal how the energy of the massless gluons is transformed through Einstein’s famous equation, E=mc2, to generate most of the mass of visible matter.
    Solving the Mystery of Proton Spin
    Solving the Mystery of Proton Spin
    The Electron-Ion Collider would be the world’s first polarized electron-proton collider where both the electron and proton beams have their spins aligned in a controllable way. This polarization makes it possible to make precision measurements of how a proton’s constituent quarks and gluons and their interactions contribute to the proton’s intrinsic angular momentum, or spin. Spin influences the proton’s optical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics and makes technologies such as MRI scanning work, but its origin has eluded physicists ever since experiments in the 1980s revealed that quarks can account for only about a third of the total spin. More recent experiments show that gluons make a significant contribution, perhaps even more than the quarks. An Electron-Ion Collider would produce definitive measurements of the gluons’ contributions, including how their movements within the proton microcosm affect its overall spin structure—thus providing the final pieces needed to solve this longstanding puzzle.
    Search for Saturation
    Search for Saturation
    Capturing the dynamic action of gluons within protons and nuclei will give scientists a way to test their understanding of these particles’ ephemeral properties. As gluons flit in and out of the vacuum, multiplying and recombining, scientists suspect they may reach a steady state of saturation called a “color glass condensate.” This unique form of nuclear matter gets its name from the “color” charges that mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, and the dense, glasslike walls these particles are thought to form in nuclei accelerated to nearly the speed of light, seemingly suspended by the effects of time dilation. Scientists will use the Electron-Ion Collider to search for definitive proof of whether this form of matter exists, and test the limits of gluons’ ability to expand beyond the bounds of a single proton/ neutron inside a nucleus. They’ll also explore the mechanism that keeps gluon growth in check, like a lid clamping down on an overflowing popcorn pot. Precisely measuring the strength of the gluon fields, which constitute the strongest fields found in nature, will tell us how gluons interact with each other and how they contribute to building the bulk of visible matter in the universe today.
    Quark and Gluon Confinement
    Quark and Gluon Confinement
    Experiments at an EIC would offer novel insight into why quarks or gluons can never be observed in isolation, but must transform into and remain confined within protons and nuclei. The EIC—with its unique combinations of high beam energies and intensities—would cast fresh light into quark and gluon confinement, a key puzzle in the Standard Model of physics.
  • About

    About

    The Electron-Ion Collider is a proposed machine for delving deeper than ever before into the building blocks of matter, so that we may better understand the matter within us and its role in the universe around us.

    Learn more about this first-of-its-kind machine in the documents linked below.

     

  • Creative Energy. Supercharged with Science.

    Accelerate your career with a new role at the nation's newest national laboratory. Here you can be part of a team exploring the building blocks of matter and lay the ground work for scientific discoveries that will reshape our understanding of the atomic nucleus. Join a community with a common purpose of solving the most challenging scientific and engineering problems of our time.

     

    Title Job ID Category Date Posted
    RadCon Manager 13337 Environmental Safety
    Vacuum Engineer 13396 Engineering
    ES&H Department Head 13338 Engineering
    IT Project Manager 13340 Clerical/Admin
    Magnet Group Staff Engineer 13370 Engineering
    DC Power Systems Electrical Engineer 13371 Engineering
    Data Center Operations Manager 13327 Engineering
    High Throughput Computing (HTC) Hardware Engineer 13197 Computer
    Mechanical Engineer III 13140 Engineering
    Finance Business Manager 13365 Accounting
    Electrical Engineer (Sustainability) 13364 Engineering
    SRF Production Chemistry Supervisor 13386 Technology
    Fusion Project Technician 13389 Misc./Trades
    Accounts Payable Assistant 13397 Accounting
    Multimedia Intern 13215 Public Relations
    Project Services and Support Office Manager 13330 Management
    SRF Accelerator Physicist 13359 Science
    Radiation Control Technician 13391 Technology
    CIS Postdoctoral Fellow 13102 Science
    Magnet Group Mechanical/Electrical Designer 13388 Misc./Trades
    Lead Magnet Engineer 13366 Engineering
    HPDF Project Director 13373 Computer
    Geant4 Developer 13214 Computer
    Deputy CNI Manager 13378 Computer
    ES&H Inspection Program Lead 13323 Environmental Safety
    DC Power Group Leader 13380 Engineering
    Survey and Alignment Technician (Metrology) 13385 Misc./Trades
    Storage Solutions Architect 13238 Computer
    MPGD Development Physicist 13381 Science
    Communications Office Student Intern 13310 Public Relations
    Master HVAC Technician 13367 Misc./Trades
    Hall A Technologist/Design Drafter 13285 Engineering
    Project Controls Analyst 13302 Clerical/Admin
    Scientific Data and Computing Department Head 13383 Computer

    A career at Jefferson Lab is more than a job. You will be part of “big science” and work alongside top scientists and engineers from around the world unlocking the secrets of our visible universe. Managed by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility is entering an exciting period of mission growth and is seeking new team members ready to apply their skills and passion to have an impact. You could call it work, or you could call it a mission. We call it a challenge. We do things that will change the world.

    Welcome from Stuart Henderson, Lab Director
    Why choose Jefferson Lab
    • PASSION AND PURPOSE
      Middle School Science Bowl competitors huddle together to brainstorm the answer.
    • PASSION AND PURPOSE
      Local teachers share ideas for a classroom activity with other teachers during Teacher Night.
    • PASSION AND PURPOSE
      Two young learners hold up a model of the atom during Deaf Science Camp.
    • PASSION AND PURPOSE
      Staff Scientist Douglas Higinbotham snaps a selfie with some of the postdoc students he is mentoring.

    At Jefferson Lab we believe in giving back to our community and encouraging the next generation of scientists and engineers. Our staff reaches out to students to advance awareness and appreciation of the range of research carried out within the DOE national laboratory system, to increase interest in STEM careers for women and minorities, and to encourage everyone to become a part of the next-generation STEM workforce. We are recognized for our innovative programs like:

    • 1,500 students from 15 Title I schools engage in the Becoming Enthusiastic About Math and Science (BEAMS) program at the lab each school year.

    • 60 teachers are enrolled in the Jefferson Science Associates Activities for Teachers (JSAT) program at the lab inspiring 9,000 students annually.

    • 24 high school students have internships and 34 college students have mentorships at the lab.

       

    Facebook posts
    Meet our people
    • Minh Tran – Information Systems Analyst

      Technology changes set pace for dynamic career 

      Information Systems Analyst Minh Tran immigrated from Vietnam to the U.S. in 1994 as a focused, 21-year-old determined to earn a higher education. He soon enrolled at Christopher Newport University and turned his attention to a burgeoning new area of study: computer science. 

      In the 1990’s, desktop computers were new to the mass consumer market and quickly becoming household staples. Tran, who was skilled in math, recognized that while language could be a barrier in many fields that attracted the mathematically oriented, computer science relied on similar skills and would open entirely new career opportunities that would not be limited by language barriers.  

      “I am very good at math and I like logical thinking, which often leads to a career in economics or banking,” Tran said. “English is my second language, so I wanted a career that I felt I could communicate completely in. At that time, computers and technology were relatively unknown as far as a university major. It was perfect for me and fit my nature.” 

      As a student, Tran was able to complete an internship at Jefferson Lab, which, he says, called for a much smaller team of computer scientists than it does now. That internship he credits, in part, with helping him get his first post-college job—as a software engineer for NASA’s Langley Research Center. 

      “When I first got into the job in programming, I was amazed by what we were doing,” Tran admits. “When I initially saw that some programs contain a thousand lines of code, it could be overwhelming. Then you adjust and learn about new ways to do things. Technology is always changing, and we adapt.”  

      Coming of age alongside his field 

      Tran was a toddler — “very poor” and living in Vietnam — in the 1970s when the computer was first introduced to the consumer market. As he has grown in his career, he has had a front-row seat to the dawning of large-scale, ubiquitous computer integration across the globe.  

      “Early in my career, I was writing programs to run aircraft flying simulations,” explains Tran. “Then I switched from hard-coding programming languages (C/C++) to web development—creating user interfaces to help the public easily find information they need on a website.” 

      For example, Tran says, his team at NASA used proprietary technology to aggregate large amounts of data analyses and reports, which have over millions of metadata records and full text documents. They then created an interface for the users to easily find the records and its documents online.  

      “In that case, we were using technology to communicate our work out to the public—to help them understand what NASA was doing and what we were trying to accomplish. We are showing how our teams contribute to the world and improve mankind.”  

      Varied uses of computer technology 

      When Tran moved from NASA to Jefferson Lab in 2021, he pivoted from creating public-facing interfaces to creating tools to help scientists with their experiments. 

      “NASA and Jefferson Lab are very similar environments—both focused on research and scientific work,” says Tran. “As computer scientists at the lab, we are supporting the researchers by doing anything that helps them effectively do their daily work and keep their data safe. We can make their software more reliable, secure, robust and resilient. And we provide the tools to keep their systems safe and secure as they focus on their research.”  

      In many cases, Tran works alongside researchers to develop concepts for interfaces, systems and software.  

      “An example of one type of project we are asked to help with is when a scientist has an old paper system that we can transform into a computer-based user interface that helps them improve their processes and deliveries,” says Tran.

      Improving as a team 

      Just as technology continues to develop, so does Tran.  

      “Technology keeps changing, and you have to keep up-to-speed,” he says. “And cross training and learning from your team members are one of the best ways to keep up with the technology and pick up new technical skills. I just need to keep my mind open to new ideas as people working with me often know things I don’t know—that’s the nature of the field, in general.

      “I really feel that being a teammate is a very cool thing,” he says. “With a team you can do anything. My team helps me be a better person in terms of my job—and me personally.” As for his career goals, Tran hopes to finish his career in the place it began.  

      “I feel like I’ve made a full circle being back at the lab,” he says. “I feel home again, and I feel good.” 

      By Carrie Rogers 

    Youtube videos

    The Jefferson Lab campus is located in southeastern Virginia amidst a vibrant and growing technology community with deep historical roots that date back to the founding of our nation. Staff members can live on or near the waterways of the Chesapeake Bay region or find peace in the deeply wooded coastal plain. You will have easy access to nearby beaches, mountains, and all major metropolitan centers along the United States east coast.

    To learn more about the region and its museums, wineries, parks, zoos and more, visit the Virginia tourism page, Virginia is for Lovers

    To learn more about life at Jefferson Lab, click here.

     

    We support our inventors! The lab provides resources to employees for the development of patented technology -- with over 180 awarded to date! Those looking to obtain patent coverage for their newly developed technologies and inventions while working at the lab are supported and mentored by technology experts, from its discovery to its applied commercialization, including opportunities for monetary awards and royalty sharing. Learn more about our patents and technologies here.

    • Holly Szumila-Vance
      Holly Szumila-Vance
      Staff Scientist

      "Today, we use a lot of those same teamwork traits [learned from the military] on a daily basis as we're all working toward similar goals here at the lab in better understanding nuclei!"

    • Ashley Mitchell
      Ashley Mitchell
      SRF Chemistry Technician

      “Chemistry is the art of science and art; you’re manipulating and creating things. We have lots of different recipes to work with.”

    • Jianwei Qiu
      Jianwei Qiu
      Associate Director For Theoretical And Computational Physics

      "My own research enables me to better lead the Theory Center, to lead our collaboration, to provide good guidance to our junior researchers on the team, and to provide valuable input to the advisory and review committees that I serve"

    • Jian-Ping Chen
      Jian-Ping Chen
      Senior Staff Scientist

      “Every time we solve problems, we contribute. It’s exciting times for new results and discoveries.”

    • Katherine Wilson
      Katherine Wilson
      Staff Engineer

      “Generally, the mechanical engineers at the lab support the physicists. The physicists have the big ideas about how to support new science, and the engineers figure out how to make that happen.”

    Jefferson Science Associates, LLC manages and operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Jefferson Science Associates/Jefferson Lab is an Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action Employer and does not discriminate in hiring or employment on the basis of race, color, religion, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, ancestry, age, disability, or veteran status or on any other basis prohibited by federal, state, or local law.

    If you need a reasonable accommodation for any part of the employment process, please send an e-mail to recruiting @jlab.org or call (757) 269-7100 between 8 am – 5 pm EST to provide the nature of your request.

    "Proud V3-Certified Company"

    A Proud V3-Certified Company
    JSA/Jefferson Lab values the skills, experience and expertise veterans can offer due to the myriad of experiences, skill sets and knowledge service members achieve during their years of service. The organization is committed to recruiting, hiring, training and retaining veterans, and its ongoing efforts has earned JSA/Jefferson Lab the Virginia Values Veterans (V3) certification, awarded by the Commonwealth of Virginia.